ArticleSpatial and spatio-temporal epidemiology2018
Longitudinal impacts of two causal drivers of alcohol demand on outlet concentrations within community settings: Population size and income effects.
Article in Spatial and spatio-temporal epidemiology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Unequal access: cross-sectional associations of deprivation, racial composition and independent and joint cannabis and alcohol outlet densities among Michigan census block groups.BMJ public health · 2026Article
- Twenty-five-year changes in alcohol environment in US metropolitan areas: Examining patterns by area level sociodemographic characteristics.Cities (London, England) · 2025Article
- Association of Perceived Neighborhood Disorder with Substance Use Behaviors and Retail Access Among Southern California Adolescents.Substance use & misuse · 2025Article
- Design of a Location-Based Case-Control Study of Built Environment Risk Factors for Pedestrian Fatalities in the U.S.American journal of epidemiology · 2024Article
- Assessing the impacts of alcohol outlets on crime as a natural experiment: agglomeration, churning and spatial effects.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2022Article
- Structural racism in the built environment: Segregation and the overconcentration of alcohol outlets.Health & place · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
We analyzed counts of licensed bars, restaurants and off-premise alcohol outlets within 53 California cities from 2000-2013. Poisson models were used to assess overall space-time associations between outlet numbers and population size and median household income in local and spatially adjacent block groups. We then separated covariate effects into distinct spatial and temporal components ("decomposed" models). Overall models showed that densities of all outlet types were generally greatest within block groups that had lower income, were adjacent to block groups with lower income, had greater populations, and were adjacent to block groups that had greater populations. Decomposed models demonstrate that over time greater income was associated with increased counts of bars, and greater population was associated with greater numbers of restaurants and off-premise outlets. Acknowledging the many negative consequences for populations living in areas of high outlet density, these effects are a predictable and powerful social determinant of health.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.