ArticleInfection control and hospital epidemiology2019
Clostridium difficile infection increases acute and chronic morbidity and mortality.
Article in Infection control and hospital epidemiology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 50 citations in OpenAlex.
- Economic Impact of Recurrent Clostridioides difficile Infection in the USA: A Systematic Literature Review and Cost Synthesis.Advances in therapy · 2023Pooled it
- Article
- Efficacy of three chemical disinfectants and steam againstApplied and environmental microbiology · 2025Article
- The Global Burden ofInfectious disease reports · 2025Review
- Article
- Integrated Safety and Efficacy Analyses of Phase 3 Trials of a Microbiome Therapeutic for Recurrent CDI.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2024Article
- Estimating excess mortality and economic burden of Clostridioides difficile infections and recurrences during 2015-2019: the RECUR Germany study.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Article
- Incidence, healthcare and out-of-pocket costs, and mortality ofAntimicrobial stewardship & healthcare epidemiology : ASHE · 2024Article
- Novel metal peroxide nanoboxes restrainBioengineering & translational medicine · 2023Article
- Interaction of Clostridioides difficile infection with frailty and cognition in the elderly: a narrative review.European journal of medical research · 2023Review
- Increased Incidence and Risk of Septicemia and Urinary Tract Infection AfterOpen forum infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Trends in the incidence ofInfection control and hospital epidemiology · 2023Article
- Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of REBYOTA™ (Fecal Microbiota, Live-jslm [FMBL]) Versus Standard of Care for the Prevention of Recurrent Clostridioides difficile Infection in the USA.Advances in therapy · 2023Article
- Budget Impact Analysis of REBYOTA™ (Fecal Microbiota, Live-jslm [FMBL]) for Preventing Recurrent Clostridioides difficile Infection in the US.Advances in therapy · 2023Article
- Review
- Epidemiology and Risk Factors of Clostridioides difficile Infections in Germany: A Health Claims Data Analysis.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2023Article
- Costs Attributable to Clostridioides difficile Infection Based on the Setting of Onset.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2023Article
- Comparative analysis and trends in liver transplant hospitalizations with Clostridium difficile infections: A 10-year national cross-sectional study.Transplant infectious disease : an official journal of the Transplantation Society · 2022Article
- Cost-effectiveness of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation for First Recurrent Clostridioides difficile Infection.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveIn this study, we aimed to quantify short- and long-term outcomes of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) in the elderly, including all-cause mortality, transfer to a facility, and hospitalizations.
designRetrospective study using 2011 Medicare claims data, including all elderly persons coded for CDI and a sample of uninfected persons. Analysis of propensity score-matched pairs and the entire population stratified by the propensity score was used to determine the risk of all-cause mortality, new transfer to a long-term care facility (LTCF), and short-term skilled nursing facility (SNF), and subsequent hospitalizations within 30, 90, and 365 days.
resultsThe claims records of 174,903 patients coded for CDI were compared with those of 1,318,538 control patients. CDI was associated with increased risk of death (odds ratio [OR], 1.77; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.74-1.81; attributable mortality, 10.9%), new LTCF transfer (OR, 1.74; 95% CI, 1.67-1.82), and new SNF transfer (OR, 2.52; 95% CI, 2.46-2.58) within 30 days in matched-pairs analyses. In a stratified analysis, CDI was associated with greatest risk of 30-day all-cause mortality in persons with lowest baseline probability of CDI (hazard ratio [HR], 3.04; 95% CI, 2.83-3.26); the risk progressively decreased as the baseline probability of CDI increased. CDI was also associated with increased risk of subsequent 30-day, 90-day, and 1-year hospitalization.
conclusionsCDI was associated with increased risk of short- and long-term adverse outcomes, including transfer to short- and long-term care facilities, hospitalization, and all-cause mortality. The magnitude of mortality risk varied depending on baseline probability of CDI, suggesting that even lower-risk patients may benefit from interventions to prevent CDI.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.