ArticleBMC health services research2018
Costs incurred by outpatients at a university hospital in northwestern Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study.
Article in BMC health services research, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- The burden of household out-of-pocket healthcare expenditures in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.International journal for equity in health · 2022Pooled it
- Costs of outpatient services at selected primary healthcare centers in Bangladesh: A cross-sectional study.PloS one · 2025Article
- Out-of-pocket and indirect expenditure of spina bifida and hydrocephalus patients admitted for inpatient treatment and follow-up at two university-affiliated hospitals in Ethiopia.Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery · 2024Article
- Missed nursing care and associated factors among nurses at University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia, 2022.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Hidden cost of hospital-based delivery and associated factors among postpartum women attending public hospitals in Gamo zone, southern Ethiopia.BMC health services research · 2024Article
- Article
- The financial burden of out of pocket payments on medicines among households in Ethiopia: analysis of trends and contributing factors.BMC public health · 2023Article
- Work experience was associated with the knowledge and practice of catheter-associated urinary tract infection prevention among nurses at University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, northwest Ethiopia, 2021.BMC women's health · 2023Article
- Patient-related healthcare costs for diarrhoea, Guillain Barré syndrome and invasive non-typhoidal salmonellosis in Gondar, Ethiopia, 2020.BMC public health · 2022Article
- Effect of multimorbidity on utilisation and out-of-pocket expenditure in Indonesia: quantile regression analysis.BMC health services research · 2021Article
- Risky sexual behavior and its associated factors among patients with severe mental disorder in University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, 2018.BMC psychiatry · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundOut-of-pocket expenditure constitutes high proportion of healthcare spending in low-income countries. It can affect patients' adherence to treatments leading to serious health consequences. The objective of this study was to document costs incurred by patients visiting Gondar University Referral Hospital, in Gondar, northwestern Ethiopia.
methodsAn institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 346 outpatients at the hospital from 2nd to 20th of May 2016. Data collection took place through interviews with patients coming to the outpatient pharmacy after finishing their visits at the different departments in the hospital. Data were collected on socio-demographic information, cost incurred before and during hospital visit as well as ownership of household items.
resultsAmong the 342 interviews included in the final analysis, a median total cost of 22.25 USD was incurred by patients. This constituted spending on solutions tried before hospital visit, direct medical, nonmedical and indirect costs. Among these, direct nonmedical and indirect costs constituted a large share. Medicine, transportation and waiting time during visit were major components of direct medical, nonmedical and indirect costs respectively. Total median cost was found to be predicted by residence, marital status and payment scheme used to pay for hospital services.
conclusionsOutpatients visiting the hospital incurred significant costs for illnesses/conditions associated with their visit to the hospital, the main components being nonmedical and indirect costs. Residence, marital status and payment scheme, predicted median total cost. Direct nonmedical costs and indirect costs were found to be significant components associated to the spending and loss of earning by patients and their families in their trip to and from the hospital.
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