ReviewGait & posture2019
Paretic propulsion as a measure of walking performance and functional motor recovery post-stroke: A review.
Review in Gait & posture, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 5 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 95 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Robotic Exosuit Augmented Locomotion (REAL) in the Clinic and Community
Robotic Exosuit Augmented Locomotion (REAL) in the Clinic and Community - a Mechanistic Clinical Trial
Responders to Metronome-based Rhythmic Auditory Stimulation in Individuals Post-Stroke and Older Adults
Effects of an Overground Propulsion Neuroprosthesis in Community-dwelling Individuals After Stroke
Wearable Gait Interventions for Augmenting Paretic Propulsion: Towards Personalized Post-Stroke Gait Rehabilitation
Who cites it
95 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 168 citations in OpenAlex.
- Can wearable real-time biofeedback gait training devices improve gait speed, balance, functional mobility and activities of daily living (ADL) in individuals post-stroke? A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2025Pooled it
- Flexible exoskeleton-assisted training enhances lower limb motor function after stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of neurology · 2025Pooled it
- Control strategies used in lower limb exoskeletons for gait rehabilitation after brain injury: a systematic review and analysis of clinical effectiveness.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2023Pooled it
- Quantifying Exercise Intensity to Predict Changes in Walking Capacity in Individuals with Chronic Stroke.Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation · 2026Trial
- ZiclagueOrphanet journal of rare diseases · 2025Trial
- Examination of effect and responder to real-time auditory feedback during overground gait for stroke: a randomized cross-over study.Scientific reports · 2025Trial
- Effects of high-intensity gait training with and without soft robotic exosuits in people post-stroke: a development-of-concept pilot crossover trial.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2023Trial
- Linking gait mechanics with perceived quality of life and participation after stroke.PloS one · 2022Trial
- Task-specific training for improving propulsion symmetry and gait speed in people in the chronic phase after stroke: a proof-of-concept study.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2021Trial
- The ReWalk ReStore™ soft robotic exosuit: a multi-site clinical trial of the safety, reliability, and feasibility of exosuit-augmented post-stroke gait rehabilitation.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2020Trial
- Gait Biomechanics with Portable EMG Biofeedback at Increasing Muscle-Activation Goals: Walking Speed, Propulsion, Braking, and Step Length.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Inward platform translations during treadmill walking enhance lateral weight shift and paretic leg engagement in chronic stroke.Experimental brain research · 2026Article
- Low-cost Devices for Stroke Rehabilitation: A Review of Approaches, Designs, and Evidence.Restorative neurology and neuroscience · 2026Review
- Relationship between lower limb muscle coordination and knee flexion angle during the swing phase of gait in post-stroke individuals.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2026Article
- Weight-bearing symmetry changes after asymmetric surface stiffness walking.Journal of neurophysiology · 2026Article
- Relationship between anterior-posterior ground reaction force patterns and immediate effect of different types of ankle-foot orthoses in individuals with post-stroke hemiparesis: a cross-sectional study.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2026Article
- Gait Adaptation to Asymmetric Foot-Ground Compliance Applied by Robotic Footwear.IEEE transactions on neural systems and rehabilitation engineering : a publication of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society · 2026Article
- Timing is everything: the effect of measurement timing on trailing limb angle in gait analysis.Frontiers in rehabilitation sciences · 2026Article
- Practical assessment of motor preparation-execution coupling during active ankle dorsiflexion in post-stroke gait: A pilot study.Clinical neurophysiology practice · 2026Article
- Muscle synergy-driven ensemble learning framework for individualized stroke gait rehabilitation.Scientific reports · 2025Article
35 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAlthough walking speed is the most common measure of gait performance post-stroke, improved walking speed following rehabilitation does not always indicate the recovery of paretic limb function. Over the last decade, the measure paretic propulsion (Pp, defined as the propulsive impulse generated by the paretic leg divided by the sum of the propulsive impulses of both legs) has been established as a measure of paretic limb output and recently targeted in post-stroke rehabilitation paradigms. However, the literature lacks a detailed synthesis of how paretic propulsion, walking speed, and other biomechanical and neuromuscular measures collectively relate to post-stroke walking performance and motor recovery.
objectiveThe aim of this review was to assess factors associated with the ability to generate Pp and identify rehabilitation targets aimed at improving Pp and paretic limb function.
methodsRelevant literature was collected in which paretic propulsion was used to quantify and assess propulsion symmetry and function in hemiparetic gait.
resultsParetic leg extension during terminal stance is strongly associated with Pp. Both paretic leg extension and propulsion are related to step length asymmetry, revealing an interaction between spatiotemporal, kinematic and kinetic metrics that underlies hemiparetic walking performance. The importance of plantarflexor function in producing propulsion is highlighted by the association of an independent plantarflexor excitation module with increased Pp. Furthermore, the literature suggests that although current rehabilitation techniques can improve Pp, these improvements depend on the patient's baseline plantarflexor function. SIGNIFICANCE: Pp provides a quantitative measure of propulsion symmetry and should be a primary target of post-stroke gait rehabilitation. The current literature suggests rehabilitation techniques that target both plantarflexor function and leg extension may restore paretic limb function and improve gait asymmetries in individuals post stroke.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.