ArticlePloS one2018
Space and time in episodic memory: Effects of linearity and directionality on memory for spatial location and temporal order in children and adults.
Article in PloS one, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed.
- The Development of Temporal Memory for Complex Events.Developmental science · 2026Article
- Dissociable age-dependent effects of emotion on scene and location memory.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- The development of temporal cognition in hearing-impaired children and educational recommendations.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Article
- Measuring relational memory in older and younger adults.Frontiers in cognition · 2025Article
- Mental time travel in animals: the 'when' of mental time travel.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2024Article
- Of popsicles and crackers: when spatio-temporal memory is not integrated into children's decision-making.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2024Article
- Building a cumulative science of memory development.Developmental review : DR · 2024Article
- Altered Time Awareness in Dementia.Frontiers in neurology · 2020Article
- Longitudinal Development of Memory for Temporal Order in Early to Middle Childhood.The Journal of genetic psychologyArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Episodic memory is a critical capacity that involves remembering past events along with their spatial and temporal contexts. Relatively little is known about the relations between spatial and temporal information in long-term memory in children or adults. The present research examined the influence of the mental timeline (linear horizontal display extending from the left to right direction for English speakers) on memory for events and their spatial and temporal features in 7-year-olds, 9-year-olds, 11-year-olds and young adults (N = 146). During encoding, participants studied triplets of objects, varying on two dimensions of the mental timeline: linearity (whether objects were presented in linear succession or not) and direction (whether objects were presented from left-to-right or right-to-left). After a delay, during retrieval, participants were tested on their memory for individual objects, and either the spatial location or temporal order of the objects. We found that overall accuracy for spatial location was higher than accuracy for temporal order, and there was a parallel developmental trajectory for both these aspects of memory. Across age groups we found that memory for temporal order, but not spatial location, was influenced by linearity and direction (i.e., match to mental timeline). Thus, in both children and adults the spatiotemporal mental timeline supported memory for temporal order, converging with predictions generated within domains of language and thought and enhancing our understanding of how space and time are represented in the mind.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.