ArticleHuman brain mapping2019
Proactive and reactive cognitive control rely on flexible use of the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex.
Article in Human brain mapping, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed.
- Neurophysiological Evidence of Enhanced Cognitive Control Following Auditory Control Enhancement (ACE) Therapy: A Pilot RCT in Schizophrenia-Spectrum Disorders with Persistent Auditory Hallucinations.Clinical EEG and neuroscience · 2026Article
- Injury Severity Influences Long-Term Cognitive Control in Pediatric "Mild" Traumatic Brain Injury.Human brain mapping · 2026Article
- Dissociating the Role of Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex and Ventrolateral Prefrontal Cortex in Cognitive Control in Depression: A Combined HD-tDCS and fNIRS Study.Brain topography · 2025Article
- Differential Impact of Methamphetamine Dependence and Social Media Overuse on Cognitive Control: Based on the Dual Mechanisms of Control Theory.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Neural Mechanisms Supporting the Relationship between Working Memory Capacity and Proactive Control.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Capturing the Developmental Changes in Cognitive Control Engagement in Chinese Preschoolers.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Neural correlates of cognitive control deficits in pediatric mild traumatic brain injury.Human brain mapping · 2023Article
- Using lickometry to infer differential contributions of salience network regions during compulsion-like alcohol drinking.Addiction neuroscience · 2023Article
- Cognitive flexibility: neurobehavioral correlates of changing one's mind.Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) · 2023Article
- Annual Research Review: Developmental pathways linking early behavioral inhibition to later anxiety.Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines · 2023Review
- Comparing the functional neuroanatomy of proactive and reactive control between patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls.Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience · 2023Article
- Pubertal development underlies optimization of inhibitory control through specialization of ventrolateral prefrontal cortex.Developmental cognitive neuroscience · 2022Article
- Effects of HF-rTMS over the left and right DLPFC on proactive and reactive cognitive control.Social cognitive and affective neuroscience · 2022Article
- Brain Responses to Peer Feedback in Social Media Are Modulated by Valence in Late Adolescence.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2022Article
- A Novel Perspective on the Proactive and Reactive Controls of Executive Function in Chronic Stroke Patients.Frontiers in neurology · 2022Article
- Is the prefrontal cortex organized by supramodal or modality-specific sensory demands during adolescence?Developmental cognitive neuroscience · 2021Article
- Different properties of the hemodynamic response and its relation to trait mental fatigue and proactive cognitive control.Neuroimage. Reports · 2021Article
- Resting State Functional Connectivity Associated With Sahaja Yoga Meditation.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2021Article
- Differing functional mechanisms underlie cognitive control deficits in psychotic spectrum disorders.Journal of psychiatry & neuroscience : JPN · 2020Article
- Larger whole brain grey matter associated with long-term Sahaja Yoga Meditation: A detailed area by area comparison.PloS one · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The role of ventral versus dorsolateral prefrontal regions in instantiating proactive and reactive cognitive control remains actively debated, with few studies parsing cue versus probe-related activity. Rapid sampling (460 ms), long cue-probe delays, and advanced analytic techniques (deconvolution) were therefore used to quantify the magnitude and variability of neural responses during the AX Continuous Performance Test (AX-CPT; N = 46) in humans. Behavioral results indicated slower reaction times during reactive cognitive control (AY trials) in conjunction with decreased accuracy and increased variability for proactive cognitive control (BX trials). The anterior insula/ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (aI/VLPFC) was commonly activated across comparisons of both proactive and reactive cognitive control. In contrast, activity within the dorsomedial and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex was limited to reactive cognitive control. The instantiation of proactive cognitive control during the probe period was also associated with sparse neural activation relative to baseline, potentially as a result of the high degree of neural and behavioral variability observed across individuals. Specifically, the variability of the hemodynamic response function (HRF) within motor circuitry increased after the presentation of B relative to A cues (i.e., late in HRF) and persisted throughout the B probe period. Finally, increased activation of right aI/VLPFC during the cue period was associated with decreased motor circuit activity during BX probes, suggesting a possible role for the aI/VLPFC in proactive suppression of neural responses. Considered collectively, current results highlight the flexible role of the VLPFC in implementing cognitive control during the AX-CPT task but suggest large individual differences in proactive cognitive control strategies.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.