Observational studyClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America2019
Impact of Standard Bacterial Vaginosis Treatment on the Genital Microbiota, Immune Milieu, and Ex Vivo Human Immunodeficiency Virus Susceptibility.
Observational study in Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 59 papers.
What it found
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The trial behind it
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Who cites it
59 citing papers in PubMed, 89 citations in OpenAlex.
- Vaginal microbiota impacts of a Lactobacillus crispatus live biotherapeutic and predictors of colonization in randomized controlled trial.Cell host & microbe · 2026Trial
- Trial
- Trial
- Vaginal Bacteria and Proinflammatory Host Immune Mediators as Biomarkers of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Acquisition Risk Among African Women.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2024Trial
- Impact of antimicrobials on penile HIV susceptibility and immunology in uncircumcised men: A randomized phase 1/2 clinical trial.Cell reports. Medicine · 2024Trial
- Sustained effect of LACTIN-V (Lactobacillus crispatus CTV-05) on genital immunology following standard bacterial vaginosis treatment: results from a randomised, placebo-controlled trial.The Lancet. Microbe · 2022Trial
- Metronidazole treatment rapidly reduces genital inflammation through effects on bacterial vaginosis-associated bacteria rather than lactobacilli.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2022Trial
- Vaginal formulations selectively target Lactobacillus iners and Candida spp. while preserving Lactobacillus crispatus.International microbiology : the official journal of the Spanish Society for Microbiology · 2026Article
- Comparative proteomics reveal striking differences in biofilm formation and virulence potential ofJournal of bacteriology · 2026Article
- The Impact of the Vaginal Microbiome and Microbial Metabolites on HIV Transmission at the Female Reproductive Tract Epithelial Barrier.American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989) · 2026Review
- Highly diverse and anaerobe-dominated vaginal microbiota in women living with HIV: a cross-sectional study.Infection · 2026Article
- The female microbiome in HIV prevention, pathogenesis, and treatment.Current opinion in HIV and AIDS · 2026Review
- The vaginal microbiota, symptoms, and local immune correlates in transmasculine individuals using sustained testosterone therapy.Cell reports · 2025Article
- The neovaginal microbiota, symptoms, and local immune correlates in transfeminine individuals with penile inversion vaginoplasty.Cell reports · 2025Article
- Lactic acid produced by optimal vaginal Lactobacillus spp. potently and specifically inactivates HIV-1 in vitro by targeting the viral RNA genome and reverse transcriptase.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- Microbiota effects and predictors ofmedRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Interactions between bacterial vaginosis-associated microbiota and Trichomonas vaginalis modulate parasite-induced pathogenicity and host immune responses.Parasites & vectors · 2025Article
- Bacterial vaginosis associates with dysfunctional T cells and altered soluble immune factors in the cervicovaginal tract.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2025Observational
- Observational
- Association between changes in genital immune markers and vaginal microbiome transitions in bacterial vaginosis.Scientific reports · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
17 authors at 7 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundGenital immunology is a key determinant of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) susceptibility. Both factors are modulated by bacterial vaginosis (BV) and, to some extent, by Lactobacillus iners, the genital Lactobacillus spp. that predominates in African, Caribbean, and other Black (ACB) women. We conducted a clinical trial to assess the impact of oral metronidazole treatment on the genital immune parameters of HIV acquisition risks in Kenyan women with BV.
methodsThe primary endpoint was ex vivo cervical CD4+ T-cell HIV susceptibility after 1 month; secondary endpoints included genital cytokine/chemokine levels, cervical immune cell populations, and the composition of the cervico-vaginal microbiota by 16S ribosomal RNA gene amplicon sequencing.
resultsBV resolved (Nugent score ≤ 3) at 1 month in 20/45 participants, and cervical CD4+ T-cell HIV entry was moderately reduced in all participants, regardless of treatment outcome. Resolution of BV and reduced abundances of BV-associated gram-negative taxa correlated with reduced genital interleukin (IL)-1α/β. However, BV resolution and the concomitant colonization by Lactobacillus iners substantially increased several genital chemokines associated with HIV acquisition, including interferon-γ inducible protein (IP)-10, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-3α, and monokine induced by gamma interferon (MIG). In an independent cohort of ACB women, most of whom were BV-free, vaginal chemokines were again closely linked with L. iners abundance, though not other Lactobacillus spp.
conclusionsBV treatment reduced genital CD4+ T-cell HIV susceptibility and IL-1 levels, but dramatically increased the genital chemokines that may enhance HIV susceptibility; the latter effect was related to the restoration of an Lactobacillus iners-dominated microbiota. Further studies are needed before treatment of asymptomatic BV can be recommended for HIV prevention in ACB communities.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.