ArticleJournal of feline medicine and surgery2019
64-multidetector CT anatomical assessment of the feline bronchial and pulmonary vascular structures.
Article in Journal of feline medicine and surgery, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- Computed Tomography-Derived Bronchial Wall Indices in Cats with Clinical and Serological Features Compatible with Heartworm-Associated Respiratory Disease.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- Computed Tomography Assessment of the Bronchial Lumen-Vertebral Body and Pulmonary Artery-Vertebral Body Relationships in Cats Naturally Infected with ImmatureVeterinary sciences · 2026Article
- Tomographic Evaluation of the Bronchial and Pulmonary Vascular Relationships in Cats Naturally Infected with ImmatureAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- The clinical value of dual-phase CT angiography (CTA) of the pulmonary artery and bronchial artery in diagnosing bronchial artery-pulmonary artery fistula.The international journal of cardiovascular imaging · 2025Review
- Ante-mortem diagnosis of unilateral pulmonary vein stenosis in a cat: a case report.Acta veterinaria Scandinavica · 2025Article
- Clinical utility of a new protocol of cardiac computed tomography in dogs.Veterinary medicine and science · 2023Article
- Radiographic features of cardiogenic pulmonary oedema in cats with left-sided cardiac disease: 71 cases.Journal of feline medicine and surgery · 2022Article
- Evaluation of the pulmonary vein ostia during the cardiac cycle using electrocardiography-gated cardiac computed tomography in cats.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2022Article
- Prediction of Left Double-Lumen Tube Size by Measurement of Cricoid Cartilage Transverse Diameter by Ultrasound and CT Multi-Planar Reconstruction.Frontiers in medicine · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesThe aim of the study was to provide a detailed anatomical study of the feline bronchial and vascular structures by using CT angiography (CTA).
methodsAdult cats with no respiratory clinical signs were enrolled in a CTA protocol to provide an anatomical study of the thorax. The dimensions, number of branches and branching pattern (monopodial vs dichotomic) of both bronchial and pulmonary vascular structures were evaluated under positive inspiration apnoea. A linear generalised estimating equations analysis (Spearman's rho) was used to identify statistical correlation between tracheal diameter, age and body weight of the cats.
resultsFourteen cats met the inclusion criteria. The pulmonary arteries had larger diameters than the pulmonary veins, and the pulmonary veins had larger diameters than the bronchial structures. A higher number of segmental bronchial and pulmonary vascular branches was observed in the left caudal lung lobe than in the other lobes. The monopodial branching pattern of both bronchial and pulmonary vascular structures was predominant in all cats of our study (100%) in cranial, caudal and right middle lung lobes, while a dichotomic branching pattern of the bronchial and pulmonary vascular structures of the accessory lung lobe was seen in 13 cats (93%). Thirteen cats (93%) had three pulmonary vein ostia, and one cat (7%) also presented with an additional left intermediate pulmonary vein ostium. Variation in the number of segmental pulmonary vein branches was noted in the right caudal lung lobe. There was no statistical correlation between tracheal diameter, age and weight. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Architecture of the feline bronchovascularr structures belongs to a mixed type of monopodial and dichotomic branching pattern. In cats, the pulmonary venous drainage system predominately presents three pulmonary vein ostia. Variations in the type of formation and the number of branches of the pulmonary venous drainage system were noted.
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