ArticleInternational journal of environmental research and public health2018
Cigarette Smoking Modulation of Saliva Microbial Composition and Cytokine Levels.
Article in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 56 citations in OpenAlex.
- Smoking a Dangerous Addiction: A Systematic Review on an Underrated Risk Factor for Oral Diseases.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Pooled it
- Tobacco-Induced Oral Dysbiosis and Microbial Shifts: A Narrative Review of Their Role in Systemic Inflammation and Disease.Microorganisms · 2026Review
- Risk assessment for clinical attachment loss in periodontitis patients: a retrospective observational study.BMC oral health · 2026Observational
- The Effects of Electronic Cigarettes on Oral Microbiome and Metabolome in 3D Tissue-Engineered Models.International dental journal · 2025Article
- Decoding E-Cigarette Secrets: Unveiling Saliva and E-Liquid Composition through Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy.ACS omega · 2025Article
- Changes in Concentration of Selected Biomarkers of Exposure in Users of Classic Cigarettes, E-Cigarettes, and Heated Tobacco Products-A Narrative Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Bacteriome and mycobiome dysbiosis in oral mucosal dysplasia and oral cancer.Periodontology 2000 · 2024Review
- Smoking induced salivary microbiome dysbiosis and is correlated with lipid biomarkers.BMC oral health · 2024Article
- Environmental pollutants and phosphoinositide signaling in autoimmunity.Journal of hazardous materials · 2024Review
- The impact of interactions between heavy metals and smoking exposures on the formation of oral microbial communities.Frontiers in microbiology · 2024Article
- Comparison of smoking traditional, heat not burn and electronic cigarettes on salivary cytokine, chemokine and growth factor profile in healthy young adults-pilot study.Frontiers in physiology · 2024Article
- Effect of different forms of tobacco on the oral microbiome in healthy adults: a systematic review.Frontiers in oral health · 2024Review
- The role of the oral microbiome in smoking-related cardiovascular risk: a review of the literature exploring mechanisms and pathways.Journal of translational medicine · 2022Review
- Effect of electronic cigarette and tobacco smoking on the human saliva microbial community.Brazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology] · 2022Article
- Analysis of colonic mucosa-associated microbiota using endoscopically collected lavage.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Compositional profile of mucosal bacteriome of smokers and smokeless tobacco users.Clinical oral investigations · 2022Article
- Prediction of Smoking Habits From Class-Imbalanced Saliva Microbiome Data Using Data Augmentation and Machine Learning.Frontiers in microbiology · 2022Article
- Association of general health and lifestyle factors with the salivary microbiota - Lessons learned from the ADDITION-PRO cohort.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Article
- Microbiome Research and Multi-Omics Integration for Personalized Medicine in Asthma.Journal of personalized medicine · 2021Review
- Enzymatic Methods for Salivary Biomarkers Detection: Overview and Current Challenges.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Tobacco use has been implicated as an immunomodulator in the oral cavity and contributes to the development of oral cancer. In the present study, we investigated the effects of cigarette smoking on bacterial diversity and host responses compared to healthy nonsmoking controls. Saliva samples were collected from eighteen smokers and sixteen nonsmoking individuals by passive drool. The 16S rRNA gene was used to characterize the salivary microbiome by using the Illumina MiSeq platform. Cytokine and chemokine expression analyses were performed to evaluate the host response. Significant differences in cytokine and chemokine expression levels of MDC, IL-10, IL-5, IL-2, IL-4, IL-7, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), insulin, and leptin were observed between smokers and nonsmokers. Taxonomic analyses revealed differences between the two groups, and some bacterial genera associated with the smokers group had correlations with hormones and cytokines identified as statistically different between smokers and nonsmokers. These factors have been associated with inflammation and carcinogenesis in the oral cavity. The data obtained may aid in the identification of the interactions between the salivary microbiome, host inflammatory responses, and metabolism in smokers.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.