ReviewJournal of innate immunity2018
Extracellular RNA Sensing by Pattern Recognition Receptors.
Review in Journal of innate immunity, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 59 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
59 citing papers in PubMed, 88 citations in OpenAlex.
- mRNA Therapeutics Beyond Infectious Diseases: Expanding Therapeutic Applications and Future Perspectives.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2026Review
- mRNA Lipid Nanoparticles for Cell Engineering in Vivo and in Vitro: Current Applications and Future Directions.MedComm · 2026Review
- RNA vaccines in motion: A multidisciplinary exploration of design, delivery, and deployment.BioImpacts : BI · 2026Review
- Mitochondrial RNA cytosolic leakage drives the SASP.Nature communications · 2025Article
- The strategies and advances of mRNA translation booster.Asian journal of pharmaceutical sciences · 2025Review
- Review
- Innate Sensing of Viral Nucleic Acids and Their Use in Antiviral Vaccine Development.Vaccines · 2025Review
- Exogenous dsRNA triggers sequence-specific RNAi and fungal stress responses to control Magnaporthe oryzae in Brachypodium distachyon.Communications biology · 2025Article
- The Pestivirus RNase EViruses · 2024Article
- Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Lipid Nanoparticles Encapsulating mRNA.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Pathways for macrophage uptake of cell-free circular RNAs.Molecular cell · 2024Article
- Challenges in developing personalized neoantigen cancer vaccines.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2024Review
- Review
- Leveraging RNA interference technology for selective and sustainable crop protection.Frontiers in plant science · 2024Review
- Advances in mRNA-Based Cancer Vaccines.Vaccines · 2023Review
- mRNA therapeutics: New vaccination and beyond.Fundamental research · 2023Review
- Autoimmune myasthenia gravis and COVID-19. A case report-based review.The Journal of international medical research · 2023Review
- Pasteurization of human milk affects the miRNA cargo of EVs decreasing its immunomodulatory activity.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- The role of HMGB1 in COVID-19-induced cytokine storm and its potential therapeutic targets: A review.Immunology · 2023Review
- Impact of Double-Stranded RNA Internalization on Hematopoietic Progenitors and Krebs-2 Cells and Mechanism.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
RNA works as a genome and messenger in RNA viruses, and it sends messages in most of the creatures of the Earth, including viruses, bacteria, fungi, plants, and animals. The human innate immune system has evolved to detect single- and double-stranded RNA molecules from microbes by pattern recognition receptors and induce defense reactions against infections such as the production of type I interferons and inflammatory cytokines. To avoid cytokine toxicity causing chronic inflammation or autoimmunity by sensing self-RNA, the activation of RNA sensors is strictly regulated. All of the Toll-like receptors that recognize RNA are localized to endosomes/lysosomes, which require internalization of RNA for sensing through an endocytic pathway. RIG-I-like receptors sense RNA in cytosol. These receptors are expressed in a cell type-specific fashion, enabling sensing of RNA for a wide range of microbial invasions. At the same time, both endosomal and cytoplasmic receptors have strategies to respond only to RNA of pathogenic microorganisms or dying cells. RNA are potential vaccine adjuvants for immune enhancement against cancer and provide a benefit for vaccinations. Understanding the detailed molecular mechanisms of the RNA-sensing system will help us to broaden the clinical utility of RNA adjuvants for patients with incurable diseases.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.