ArticlePloS one2018
Use of healthcare services and expenditure in the US in 2025: The effect of obesity and morbid obesity.
Article in PloS one, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Costs of obesity, obesity-related complications, and weight loss in the United States: A systematic literature review.Journal of managed care & specialty pharmacy · 2025Pooled it
- Factors that influence an individual's decision to undergo bariatric surgery: A qualitative systematic review.PloS one · 2025Pooled it
- Diabetes Medication Market: Costs and Utilization of Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 (GLP-1) Prescriptions From 2008 to 2023.Journal of diabetes · 2026Article
- Factors associated with healthcare seeking behavior from private clinics among patients in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.BMC health services research · 2026Article
- Weight Bias Interventions for Healthcare Professionals: An Integrative Review.Journal of advanced nursing · 2026Review
- Unravelling the rise in thyroid cancer incidence and addressing overdiagnosis.Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2026Review
- Immunoengineering strategies using nanoparticles for obesity treatment.Nano research · 2025Article
- Pharmacological Privilege: How Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Medications are Widening Health Inequalities.Cureus · 2025Article
- Association of weight-adjusted waist index with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: a national population-based cohort study.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2025Article
- Health care resource utilization and health care costs among digital weight-loss intervention participants and nonparticipants.Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) · 2025Article
- "Digital Clinicians" Performing Obesity Medication Self-Injection Education: Feasibility Randomized Controlled Trial.JMIR diabetes · 2025Article
- Review
- Optimised Skeletal Muscle Mass as a Key Strategy for Obesity Management.Metabolites · 2025Review
- Validation of the 40-Item and 24-Item Short Version of the Person-Centred Obesity Care Instrument for Patients Living with Obesity.Obesity facts · 2025Article
- Burden of Disease and Cost of Illness of Overweight and Obesity in Portugal.Obesity facts · 2025Article
- Dietary and Lifestyle Strategies for Obesity.Nutrients · 2024Review
- The signaling pathways in obesity-related complications.Journal of cell communication and signaling · 2024Review
- The Relationship between Body Weight and Primary Healthcare Visits.Population research and policy review · 2023Article
- Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease and Insulin Resistance: A Review of Complex Interlinks.Metabolites · 2023Review
- Outpatient healthcare costs associated with overweight and obesity in Italy.BMC health services research · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveThis paper explores the contribution of body-mass index (BMI) categories in shaping past trends of use of healthcare services and associated expenditure in the US and projects results to 2025.
methodsThe study uses Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) data for 2000-2012, reweighted on National Health and Nutrition Survey (NHANES) data for 1972-2012 and US Census Bureau data, to carry out projections for up to 2025. A combination of logistic regressions and generalized linear models was used to model use and associated expenditure for the following healthcare services: inpatient care (with/without surgery), office-based care, outpatient-care, drug prescription and home health care. Quantile regressions were used to analyse and project BMI levels.
results20.5 million individuals will be severely obese in 2025. Normal-weight and overweight individuals have stable trends in use for many healthcare services. Conversely, use of healthcare services in patients in class II and class III obesity will increase substantially. Total healthcare expenditure increases more quickly in the obese population than in normal-weight individuals.
conclusionsClass III obesity (BMI≥40 kg/m2) significantly affects demand and expenditure for all healthcare services. Careful healthcare service planning and implementing effective policy actions to counteract such trends is crucial to meet future demand.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.