Evidence map›Paper›PMID 30403693›Full record

ArticlePloS one2018

Future directions in meditation research: Recommendations for expanding the field of contemplative science.

Cassandra Vieten, Helané Wahbeh, B Rael Cahn, Katherine MacLean, Mica Estrada, Paul Mills, Michael Murphy, Shauna Shapiro, Dean Radin, Zoran Josipovic and 8 more

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in PloS one, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
37citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
14.6field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

37 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 122 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Guideline
  3. Meditation: Philosophical Foundations and its Role in Managing Common Noncommunicable Diseases.Indian journal of community medicine : official publication of Indian Association of Preventive & Social Medicine · 2026
    Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. FurtherFrontiers in computational neuroscience · 2025
    Article
  7. Review
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
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  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Prevalence of meditation-related adverse effects in a population-based sample in the United States.Psychotherapy research : journal of the Society for Psychotherapy Research · 2022
    Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

18 authors at 13 institutions in 1 country.

Cassandra VietenResearch Department, Institute of Noetic Sciences, Petaluma, California, United States of America.ORCID 0000-0003-3081-5174
Helané WahbehResearch Department, Institute of Noetic Sciences, Petaluma, California, United States of America.
B Rael CahnDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America.
Katherine MacLeanCenter for Optimal Living, New York, New York, United States of America.
Mica EstradaInstitute for Health and Aging, School of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America.
Paul MillsDepartment of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America.
Michael MurphyCenter for Theory and Research, Esalen Institute, Big Sur, California, United States of America.
Shauna ShapiroDepartment of Counseling Psychology, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, California, United States of America.
Dean RadinResearch Department, Institute of Noetic Sciences, Petaluma, California, United States of America.
Zoran JosipovicDepartment of Psychology, New York University and Nonduality Institute, New York, New York, United States of America.ORCID 0000-0003-0262-4370
David E PrestiDepartment of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America.
Michael SapiroResearch Department, Institute of Noetic Sciences, Petaluma, California, United States of America.
Jan Chozen BaysRandall Children's Hospital, Portland, Oregon, United States of America.
Peter RussellResearch Department, Institute of Noetic Sciences, Petaluma, California, United States of America.
David VagoOsher Center for Integrative Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America.ORCID 0000-0002-6269-9027
Fred TravisCenter for Brain, Consciousness and Cognition, Maharishi University of Management, Fairfield, Iowa, United States of America.
Roger WalshSchool of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California, United States of America.
Arnaud DelormeResearch Department, Institute of Noetic Sciences, Petaluma, California, United States of America.
Institute of Noetic Sciences · USUniversity of California San Diego · USMaharishi International University · USNew York University · USOptimal Synthesis (United States) · USOregon Health & Science University · USRandall Children's Hospital at Legacy Emanuel · USSanta Clara University · USUniversity of California, Berkeley · USUniversity of California, Irvine · USUniversity of California, San Francisco · USUniversity of Southern California · USVanderbilt University Medical Center · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The science of meditation has grown tremendously in the last two decades. Most studies have focused on evaluating the clinical effectiveness of mindfulness-based interventions, neural and other physiological correlates of meditation, and individual cognitive and emotional aspects of meditation. Far less research has been conducted on more challenging domains to measure, such as group and relational, transpersonal and mystical, and difficult aspects of meditation; anomalous or extraordinary phenomena related to meditation; and post-conventional stages of development associated with meditation. However, these components of meditation may be crucial to people's psychological and spiritual development, could represent important mediators and/or mechanisms by which meditation confers benefits, and could themselves be important outcomes of meditation practices. In addition, since large numbers of novices are being introduced to meditation, it is helpful to investigate experiences they may encounter that are not well understood. Over the last four years, a task force of meditation researchers and teachers met regularly to develop recommendations for expanding the current meditation research field to include these important yet often neglected topics. These meetings led to a cross-sectional online survey to investigate the prevalence of a wide range of experiences in 1120 meditators. Results show that the majority of respondents report having had many of these anomalous and extraordinary experiences. While some of the topics are potentially controversial, they can be subjected to rigorous scientific investigation. These arenas represent largely uncharted scientific terrain and provide excellent opportunities for both new and experienced researchers. We provide suggestions for future directions, with accompanying online materials to encourage such research.

Indexed as

MeditationAdolescentAdultAgedAged, 80 and overFemaleHealth SurveysHumansMaleMiddle AgedResearchYoung Adult

Identifiers

PMID30403693
PMCPMC6221271
OpenAlexW2899587674

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.