ArticleBirth defects research2018
Maternal genitourinary infections and risk of birth defects in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study.
Article in Birth defects research, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- First trimester maternal infections and offspring congenital heart defects: a meta-analysis.European heart journal · 2026Pooled it
- Congenital Anomaly Prevalence: A 10-Year Retrospective Study in a Tertiary Hospital in Turkey.Birth defects research · 2026Article
- Familial, environmental, and pregnancy-related risk factors for anorectal malformations in Pakistani newborns: a hospital-based case-control study.BMC pediatrics · 2026Article
- The Impact of Chlamydia Treatment During Pregnancy on Birth Defects in New York State.Birth defects research · 2026Article
- How STI trends track changes in sexual behaviour, online dating and sexual orientation demographics: an analysis of reported bacterial STI incidence and three social behavioural surveys in the USA (2010-2024).BMJ public health · 2026Article
- Prevalence, risk factors and mortality associated with colonic atresia: a population-based case-control study.Pediatric surgery international · 2025Article
- Doxycycline safety during pregnancy: a large population-based cohort of pregnancies.Infection · 2025Article
- First Trimester Tetracycline Exposure and Risk of Major Congenital Malformations.JAMA network open · 2024Article
- Fever and antibiotic use in maternal urinary tract infections during pregnancy and risk of congenital heart defects: Findings from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study.Birth defects research · 2024Article
- Pregnancy Outcomes in Patients with Urosepsis and Uncomplicated Urinary Tract Infections-A Retrospective Study.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2023Article
- Maternal hereditary hemolytic anemia and birth defects in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study.Birth defects research · 2022Article
- Descriptive and risk factor analysis of infantile cataracts: National Birth Defects Prevention Study, 2000-2011.American journal of medical genetics. Part A · 2022Article
- Characteristics of Women with Urinary Tract Infection in Pregnancy.Journal of women's health (2002) · 2021Article
- Maternal Urinary Tract Infection: Is It Associated With Neonatal Urinary Tract Infection?Journal of family & reproductive health · 2021Article
- Role of Maternal Infections and Inflammatory Responses on Craniofacial Development.Frontiers in oral health · 2021Review
- Exome sequencing of family trios from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study: Tapping into a rich resource of genetic and environmental data.Birth defects research · 2019Article
- Descriptive and risk factor analysis of nonsyndromic sacral agenesis: National Birth Defects Prevention Study, 1997-2011.American journal of medical genetics. Part A · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundGenitourinary infections (GUIs) are common among sexually active women. Yet, little is known about the risk of birth defects associated with GUIs.
methodsUsing data from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study, a multisite, population-based, case-control study, we assessed self-reported maternal GUIs in the month before through the third month of pregnancy (periconception) from 29,316 birth defect cases and 11,545 unaffected controls. We calculated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals to estimate the risk of 52 major structural birth defects associated with GUIs. We also calculated risk of birth defects associated with each type of GUI: urinary tract infection (UTI) and sexually transmitted infection (STI).
resultsIn our analysis, 10% (n = 2,972) of case and 9% (n = 1,014) of control mothers reported a periconceptional GUI. A GUI was significantly associated with 11 of the 52 birth defects examined (ORs ranging from 1.19 to 2.26): encephalocele, cataracts, cleft lip, esophageal atresia, duodenal atresia/stenosis, small intestinal atresia/stenosis, colonic atresia/stenosis, transverse limb deficiency, conoventricular septal defect, atrioventricular septal defect, and secundum atrial septal defect. A periconceptional UTI was significantly associated with nine birth defects (ORs from 1.21 to 2.48), and periconceptional STI was significantly associated with four birth defects (ORs ranging from 1.63 to 3.72).
conclusionsWhile misclassification of GUIs in our analysis is likely, our findings suggest GUIs during the periconceptional period may increase the risk for specific birth defects.
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