ArticlePharmaceutical research2018
An Expandable Mechanopharmaceutical Device (3): a Versatile Raman Spectral Cytometry Approach to Study the Drug Cargo Capacity of Individual Macrophages.
Article in Pharmaceutical research, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 11 citations in OpenAlex.
- Innovative Approaches for Drug Discovery: Quantifying Drug Distribution and Response with Raman Imaging.Analytical chemistry · 2024Review
- Facilitated Transport of EGFR Inhibitors Plays an Important Role in Their Cellular Uptake.Analytical chemistry · 2024Article
- Quantitative Raman chemical imaging of intracellular drug-membrane aggregates and small molecule drug precipitates in cytoplasmic organelles.Advanced drug delivery reviews · 2023Review
- Inkjet-printed micro-calibration standards for ultraquantitative Raman spectral cytometry.The Analyst · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeTo improve cytometric phenotyping abilities and better understand cell populations with high interindividual variability, a novel Raman-based microanalysis was developed to characterize macrophages on the basis of chemical composition, specifically to measure and characterize intracellular drug distribution and phase separation in relation to endogenous cellular biomolecules.
methodsThe microanalysis was developed for the commercially-available WiTec alpha300R confocal Raman microscope. Alveolar macrophages were isolated and incubated in the presence of pharmaceutical compounds nilotinib, chloroquine, or etravirine. A Raman data processing algorithm was specifically developed to acquire the Raman signals emitted from single-cells and calculate the signal contributions from each of the major molecular components present in cell samples.
resultsOur methodology enabled analysis of the most abundant biochemicals present in typical eukaryotic cells and clearly identified "foamy" lipid-laden macrophages throughout cell populations, indicating feasibility for cellular lipid content analysis in the context of different diseases. Single-cell imaging revealed differences in intracellular distribution behavior for each drug; nilotinib underwent phase separation and self-aggregation while chloroquine and etravirine accumulated primarily via lipid partitioning.
conclusionsThis methodology establishes a versatile cytometric analysis of drug cargo loading in macrophages requiring small numbers of cells with foreseeable applications in toxicology, disease pathology, and drug discovery.
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Registered trials
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