ArticleBMC cancer2018
GPNMB methylation: a new marker of potentially carcinogenic colon lesions.
Article in BMC cancer, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- Acquired resistance to immune checkpoint therapy is caused by glycoprotein non-metastatic melanoma protein B signal cascade.Communications medicine · 2025Article
- Identification of GPNMB in endometrial cancer based on pan-cancer analysis and in vitro validation.Discover oncology · 2024Article
- GPNMB Expression Associates with Inferior Prognosis in Patients with Small Cell Lung Cancer.Journal of Cancer · 2024Article
- Single-cell transcriptome sequencing-based analysis: probing the mechanisms of glycoprotein NMB regulation of epithelial cells involved in silicosis.Particle and fibre toxicology · 2023Article
- In silico identification of novel biomarkers for key players in transition from normal colon tissue to adenomatous polyps.PloS one · 2022Article
- Promising Epigenetic Biomarkers for the Early Detection of Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review.Cancers · 2021Review
- Glycoprotein nonmetastatic melanoma protein B: A key mediator and an emerging therapeutic target in autoimmune diseases.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2020Review
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundEpigenetic plays an important role in colorectal neoplasia process. There is a need to determine sound biomarkers of colorectal cancer (CRC) progression with clinical and therapeutic implications. Therefore, we aimed to examine the role and methylation status of Glyco Protein Non-Metastatic GPNM B (GPNMB) gene in normal, adenoma and CRC in African American (AA) patients.
methodsThe methylation status of 13 CpG sites (chr7: 23287345-23,287,426) in GPNMB gene's promoter, was analyzed by pyrosequencing in human CRC cell lines (HCT116, SW480, and HT29) and microdissected African American paraffin embedded samples (20 normal, 21 non-advanced adenoma (NA), 48 advanced adenoma (AD), and 20 cancer tissues. GPNMB expression was analyzed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) on tissue microarrays (TMA). Correlations between GPNMB methylation and expression with clinicopathological features were analyzed. GPNMB functional analysis was performed in triplicates using cell proliferation, migration and invasion assays in HCT116 colon cell line after stable transfection with a GPNMB-cDNA expression vector.
resultsGPNMB methylation was lower in normal mucosa compared to CRC samples (1/20 [5%] vs. 18/20 [90%]; P < 0.001). AD also had a significantly higher GPNMB methylation frequency than normal colon samples (42/48 [88%] vs 1/20 [5%]; P < 0.001). GPNMB was more frequently methylated in AD than in matched normal mucosa from three patients (3/3 [100%] vs 1/3 [33.3%]; P < 0.001). The frequency of GPNMB methylation in NA differed significantly from that in the normal mucosa (16/21 [76%] vs 1/20 [5%]; P = 0.008). There was statistically significant correlation of higher methylation at advanced stages and lower methylation at stage 1 CRCs (P < 0.05). In agreement with these findings, GPNMB protein expression decreased in CRC tissues compared with AD and NA colon mucosa (p < 0.05). GPNMB overexpression in HCT116 colon cancer cell line decreased cell proliferation [(24 h, P = 0.02), (48 h, P < 0.001, 72 h, P = 0.007)], invasion (p < 0.05) and migration (p > 0.05) compared to the mock-transfected cells.
conclusionOur data indicate a high methylation profile leading to a lower GPNMB expression in adenoma and CRC samples. The functional analysis established GPNMB as a potential tumor suppressor gene. As such, GPNMB might be useful as a biomarker of adenomas with high carcinogenic potential.
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