ReviewNutrients2018
Vitamin D: Nutrient, Hormone, and Immunomodulator.
Review in Nutrients, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 398 papers, 14 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
398 citing papers in PubMed, 14 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 749 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence of Vitamin D Deficiency in Ataxia-Telangiectasia: A Systematic Review and Single Arm Meta-Analysis.Cerebellum (London, England) · 2026Pooled it
- Association between serum vitamin D levels and the risk of diabetic retinopathy: a meta-analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Efficacy and safety of vitamin D in the treatment of asthma: an overview of systematic reviews and meta-analyses.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Effect of Adjuvant Vitamin D Therapy on Total Nasal Symptoms Score, IgE, and Eosinophil Levels in Allergic Rhinitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Sultan Qaboos University medical journal · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- High Doses of Vitamin D and Specific Metabolic Parameters in Type 2 Diabetes Patients: Systematic Review.Nutrients · 2024Pooled it
- Bone Mineral Density, Bone Biomarkers, and Joints in Acute, Post, and Long COVID-19: A Systematic Review.Viruses · 2024Pooled it
- Vitamin, antioxidant and micronutrient supplementation and the risk of developing incident autoimmune diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Pooled it
- The effect of vitamin D supplementation on antibiotic use: a meta-analysis based on randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Pooled it
- Association of vitamin D in individuals with periodontitis: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC oral health · 2023Pooled it
- Supplementation of Vitamin D and Mental Health in Adults with Respiratory System Diseases: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials.Nutrients · 2023Pooled it
- Vitamin D and Sjögren's Disease: Revealing the Connections-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Nutrients · 2023Pooled it
- Vitamins C and D and COVID-19 Susceptibility, Severity and Progression: An Evidence Based Systematic Review.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2022Pooled it
- Effects of vitamin DJournal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · 2026Trial
- The impact of vitamin D supplementation on depression and anxiety in young individuals with depression and vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency.European journal of nutrition · 2026Trial
- Effect of vitamin D administration on sepsis score and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in preterm infants with neonatal sepsis: a randomized controlled trial.BMC pediatrics · 2026Trial
- Trial
- Correlation Analysis of Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Levels With Immune Function and Calcium-Phosphate Metabolism in Patients With Bronchial Asthma Treated With Combination Therapy.Physiological research · 2024Trial
- Vitamin D Status and Clinical Outcomes in Pediatric Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome: A Prospective Observational Study from North India.Annals of African medicine · 2026Observational
338 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The classical functions of vitamin D are to regulate calcium-phosphorus homeostasis and control bone metabolism. However, vitamin D deficiency has been reported in several chronic conditions associated with increased inflammation and deregulation of the immune system, such as diabetes, asthma, and rheumatoid arthritis. These observations, together with experimental studies, suggest a critical role for vitamin D in the modulation of immune function. This leads to the hypothesis of a disease-specific alteration of vitamin D metabolism and reinforces the role of vitamin D in maintaining a healthy immune system. Two key observations validate this important non-classical action of vitamin D: first, vitamin D receptor (VDR) is expressed by the majority of immune cells, including B and T lymphocytes, monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells; second, there is an active vitamin D metabolism by immune cells that is able to locally convert 25(OH)D₃ into 1,25(OH)₂D₃, its active form. Vitamin D and VDR signaling together have a suppressive role on autoimmunity and an anti-inflammatory effect, promoting dendritic cell and regulatory T-cell differentiation and reducing T helper Th 17 cell response and inflammatory cytokines secretion. This review summarizes experimental data and clinical observations on the potential immunomodulating properties of vitamin D.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.