ArticlePloS one2018
Cancer immunotherapy using PolyPurine Reverse Hoogsteen hairpins targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway in human tumor cells.
Article in PloS one, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- What Do We Have to Know about PD-L1 Expression in Prostate Cancer? A Systematic Literature Review. Part 3: PD-L1, Intracellular Signaling Pathways and Tumor Microenvironment.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Pooled it
- What Do We Have to Know about PD-L1 Expression in Prostate Cancer? A Systematic Literature Review. Part 5: Epigenetic Regulation of PD-L1.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Pooled it
- What Do We Have to Know about PD-L1 Expression in Prostate Cancer? A Systematic Literature Review. Part 4: Experimental Treatments in Pre-Clinical Studies (Cell Lines and Mouse Models).International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Pooled it
- Induced chromosomal instability in triple negative breast cancer cells promotes M2-like polarization of macrophages.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- In Vitro and In Vivo Effects of the Combination of Polypurine Reverse Hoogsteen Hairpins against HER-2 and Trastuzumab in Breast Cancer Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Targeting KRAS Regulation with PolyPurine Reverse Hoogsteen Oligonucleotides.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Review
- What Do We Have to Know about PD-L1 Expression in Prostate Cancer? A Systematic Literature Review. Part 7: PD-L1 Expression in Liquid Biopsy.Journal of personalized medicine · 2021Review
- PolyPurine Reverse Hoogsteen Hairpins Work as RNA Species for Gene Silencing.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- Detection of a G-Quadruplex as a Regulatory Element inInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2020Article
- Correction of the aprt Gene Using Repair-Polypurine Reverse Hoogsteen Hairpins in Mammalian Cells.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2020Article
- New drugs are not enough‑drug repositioning in oncology: An update.International journal of oncology · 2020Review
- Gene Correction of Point Mutations Using PolyPurine Reverse Hoogsteen Hairpins Technology.Frontiers in genome editing · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Immunotherapy approaches stand out as innovative strategies to eradicate tumor cells. Among them, PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy is considered one of the most successful advances in the history of cancer immunotherapy. We used our technology of Polypurine reverse Hoogsteen hairpins (PPRHs) for silencing both genes with the aim to provoke the elimination of tumor cells by macrophages in co-culture experiments. Incubation of PPRHs against PD-1 and PD-L1 decreased the levels of mRNA and protein in THP-1 monocytes and PC3 prostate cancer cells, respectively. Viability of THP-1 cells and macrophages obtained by PMA-differentiation of THP-1 cells was not affected upon incubation with the different PPRHs. On the other hand, PC3 cell survival was partially decreased by PPRHs against PD-L1. The greatest effect in decreasing cell viability was obtained in macrophages/PC3 co-culture experiments by combining PPRHs against PD-1 and PD-L1. This effect was also observed in other cancer cell lines: HeLa, SKBR3 and to a minor extent in M21. Apoptosis was not detected when macrophages were treated with the different PPRHs. However, co-cultures of macrophages with the four cancer cell lines treated with PPRHs showed an increase in apoptosis. The order of fold-increase in apoptosis was HeLa > PC3 > SKBR3 > M21. This study demonstrates that PPRHs could be powerful pharmacological agents to use in immunotherapy approaches for the inhibition of PD-1 and PD-L1.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.