ArticleMelanoma research2019
The number and localization of CD68+ and CD163+ macrophages in different stages of cutaneous melanoma.
Article in Melanoma research, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 53 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
53 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 95 citations in OpenAlex.
- Electrochemotherapy of Melanoma Cutaneous Metastases in Organ Transplant Recipients: A Systematic Review of Preclinical and Clinical Studies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Pooled it
- Uncovering the Intricate and Heterogeneous Cellular Microenvironment of Cutaneous Melanoma.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Review
- Clinicopathological and molecular characterization of tumor-associated macrophages in sporadic and Xeroderma Pigmentosum-related cutaneous melanoma.BMC cancer · 2026Article
- Mucosal melanoma of the head and neck region: clinical-pathologic implications of tumor microenvironment evaluated with multiplex immunohistochemistry.Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology · 2026Article
- Extracellular vesicles derived from pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages induce an inflammatory and invasive phenotype in melanoma cells.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2025Article
- Anti-PD-1 treatment response is associated with the influx of circulating myeloid and T-cell subsets into the metastatic melanoma tumor microenvironment.British journal of cancer · 2025Article
- Spatial Distribution and Phenotypic Profiling of Cd68Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Article
- The tumor immune microenvironment in primary cutaneous melanoma.Archives of dermatological research · 2025Review
- The immune microenvironment in tumors: focus on canine and feline spontaneous neoplasms.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2025Review
- A vascularizedMaterials today. Bio · 2024Article
- Correlation of tumor-associated macrophage density and proportion of M2 subtypes with the pathological stage of colorectal cancer.World journal of gastrointestinal oncology · 2024Article
- Digital spatial proteomic profiling reveals immune checkpoints as biomarkers in lymphoid aggregates and tumor microenvironment of desmoplastic melanoma.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2024Article
- Interleukin-4 induced 1-mediated resistance to an immune checkpoint inhibitor through suppression of CD8Cancer science · 2024Article
- Melanoma-derived cytokines and extracellular vesicles are interlinked with macrophage immunosuppression.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2024Article
- Characterization of innate lymphoid cell subsets infiltrating melanoma and epithelial ovarian tumors.Oncoimmunology · 2024Article
- Predicting immune checkpoint therapy response in three independent metastatic melanoma cohorts.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Article
- Secreted factors from M1 macrophages drive prostate cancer stem cell plasticity by upregulating NANOG,Oncoimmunology · 2024Article
- Macrophages in inflammatory skin diseases and skin tumors.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Cooperative phagocytosis of solid tumours by macrophages triggers durable anti-tumour responses.Nature biomedical engineering · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The role of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in cutaneous melanoma is controversial. TAMs include immunogenic and immunosuppressive subtypes, and have distinct functions according to their microanatomical localization. Our aim was to investigate TAMs in benign, premalignant, and malignant melanocytic lesions to determine possible associations with tumor progression and clinicopathological characteristics. In total, 184 tissue samples, including benign and dysplastic nevi, in-situ melanomas, superficial (Breslow's depth <1 mm), and deep (Breslow's depth >4 mm) invasive melanomas and lymph node metastases, were analyzed for macrophage content. Samples were stained immunohistochemically for CD68 and CD163, representing all TAMs and M2-macrophages, respectively. Macrophages were counted by hotspot analysis, and assessed semiquantitatively from the tumor cell nests and stromal component of malignant cases. CD68+ and CD163+ TAMs were more abundant in invasive melanomas compared with benign nevi. The proportion of TAMs in the tumor nests was higher in deep melanomas and lymph node metastases compared with superficially invasive melanomas. High amounts of CD68+ macrophages in tumor cell nests were associated with recurrence, whereas low CD163+ macrophage proportion in tumor stroma was associated with recurrence and in primary melanomas also with poor overall survival. TAMs seem to promote tumor progression in cutaneous melanoma. In particular, CD68+ TAMs and their abundance in tumor nests were associated with poor prognostic factors. However, the correlation of low stromal CD163+ TAM proportion with a poor prognosis indicates that the role of TAMs depends on their subtype and microanatomical localization.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.