Evidence map›Paper›PMID 30398953›Full record

ArticleAIDS patient care and STDs2018

Stigma and Healthcare-Seeking Practices of Men Who Have Sex with Men in Western Kenya: A Mixed-Methods Approach for Scale Validation.

Sylvia Shangani, Violet Naanyu, Don Operario, Becky Genberg

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in AIDS patient care and STDs, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
25citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

25 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Sylvia Shangani1 Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, School of Public Health, Brown University , Providence, Rhode Island.
Violet Naanyu2 Department of Behavioral Social Sciences, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Moi University , Eldoret, Kenya .
Don Operario1 Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, School of Public Health, Brown University , Providence, Rhode Island.
Becky Genberg3 Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health , Baltimore, Maryland.

Funding

Training Program for Scientists Conducting Research to Reduce HIV Health DisparitR25MH067127 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI Emily A Arnold, Torsten Brian Neilands · 2003 to 2026
$5.4M
Partnerships for the Next Generation of HIV Social Science in South AfricaR24HD077976 · NICHD · BROWN UNIVERSITY · PI COLVIN, CHRISTOPHER JAMES, LURIE, MARK NATHAN · 2013 to 2017
$1.9M
NICHD NIH HHS R24 HD077976NIMH NIH HHS R25 MH067127
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

In sub-Saharan Africa, men who have sex with men (MSM) experience high HIV prevalence, in part, due to stigma and discrimination creating barriers to engagement in prevention and care services. We examined the reliability and validity of measures of stigma and satisfaction with healthcare providers, as well as explored whether scores on the factors varied across sociodemographic variables among MSM in western Kenya. A mixed-methods design using a sequential triangulation approach was adopted, involving a survey of 89 MSM and 10 key informant interviews. Reliability and correlation analyses, exploratory factor analyses, t-tests, and ANOVAs (analyses of variances) were conducted to test the scale's psychometric properties and examine differences in mean scores by demographics. Thematic analysis with qualitative data was used to validate the meaning of scales and explore how stigma influences and relates to satisfaction with healthcare providers. Of 89 participants, 50% identified as homosexual, 52% had college degree, 45% were above 25 years, and 72% had ever been married. Three subscales measuring enacted stigma, internalized stigma, and mistrust of healthcare providers showed good reliability (α = 0.80, α = 0.90, and α = 0.90). Men who identified as homosexual reported higher mean scores of enacted stigma and distrust of healthcare providers compared to heterosexual/bisexual identified (p < 0.001). Qualitative data revealed perceptions that healthcare providers were not knowledgeable to handle MSM needs. Study provides preliminary evidence for the reliability and validity of measures of stigma and mistrust of healthcare providers in Kenya. Quantitative and qualitative findings highlight the need for interventions to reduce stigma and create a more inclusive health system.

Indexed as

Discrimination, PsychologicalSocial StigmaAdolescentAdultAttitude of Health PersonnelFearHealth PersonnelHealth ServicesHIV InfectionsHomosexuality, MaleHumansInterviews as TopicKenyaMalePatient Acceptance of Health CareQualitative ResearchhealthcareHIVKenyaMSMprovidersstigma

Identifiers

PMID30398953
PMCPMC6247373

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.