ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2018
Bronze Age population dynamics and the rise of dairy pastoralism on the eastern Eurasian steppe.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 87 papers.
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87 citing papers in PubMed.
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- Revisiting the Evolution of Lactase Persistence: Insights from South Asian Genomes.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Ancient genomes from eastern Kazakhstan reveal dynamic genetic legacy of Inner Eurasian hunter-gatherers.Science advances · 2025Article
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- Slab Grave expansion disrupted long co-existence of distinct Bronze Age herders in central Mongolia.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Unveiling the Xianbei cavalry: a multidisciplinary approach to restore and analyse the first horse-cavalry armour set in China.Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2025Article
- Genomic formation of lower Yellow River populations in the Han dynasty.BMC biology · 2025Article
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- Urbanization and genetic homogenization in the medieval Low Countries revealed through a ten-century paleogenomic study of the city of Sint-Truiden.Genome biology · 2025Article
- Ancient genomes reveal trans-Eurasian connections between the European Huns and the Xiongnu Empire.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Rocks and clay: Potters' technological choices within the cultural dynamics of Bronze Age Kazakhstan.PloS one · 2025Article
- A bioavailable 87Sr/86Sr isoscape of Mongolia: Implications for the reconstruction of past human and animal mobility.PloS one · 2025Article
27 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Abstract
Recent paleogenomic studies have shown that migrations of Western steppe herders (WSH) beginning in the Eneolithic (ca. 3300-2700 BCE) profoundly transformed the genes and cultures of Europe and central Asia. Compared with Europe, however, the eastern extent of this WSH expansion is not well defined. Here we present genomic and proteomic data from 22 directly dated Late Bronze Age burials putatively associated with early pastoralism in northern Mongolia (ca. 1380-975 BCE). Genome-wide analysis reveals that they are largely descended from a population represented by Early Bronze Age hunter-gatherers in the Baikal region, with only a limited contribution (∼7%) of WSH ancestry. At the same time, however, mass spectrometry analysis of dental calculus provides direct protein evidence of bovine, sheep, and goat milk consumption in seven of nine individuals. No individuals showed molecular evidence of lactase persistence, and only one individual exhibited evidence of >10% WSH ancestry, despite the presence of WSH populations in the nearby Altai-Sayan region for more than a millennium. Unlike the spread of Neolithic farming in Europe and the expansion of Bronze Age pastoralism on the Western steppe, our results indicate that ruminant dairy pastoralism was adopted on the Eastern steppe by local hunter-gatherers through a process of cultural transmission and minimal genetic exchange with outside groups.
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