ReviewComparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases2018
Use of camel single-domain antibodies for the diagnosis and treatment of zoonotic diseases.
Review in Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed.
- Camelid VHHs as a Versatile Platform for Combating Viral Infections.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Processing-Induced Modifications of Camel Milk Immunoglobulins and Lactoferrin: Implications for Immunocompromised Pediatric Populations and Therapeutic Applications.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Construction of an Enhanced Phage Display Library of Artificially Randomized vNARs from Cloudy Catshark (Scyliorhinus Torazame) and Screening against Miamiensis Avidus.Marine biotechnology (New York, N.Y.) · 2026Article
- Mechanisms and applications of camelid variable heavy-chain nanobodies against bacterial and parasitic protozoal pathogens.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Safety Assessment of Camelid-Derived Single-Domain Antibody as Feed Additive for Juvenile Whiteleg Shrimp (Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Article
- A review on camelid nanobodies with potential application in veterinary medicine.Veterinary research communications · 2024Review
- Use of Single-Domain Antibodies Against the NSm Protein for the Detection of Cells Infected by Rift Valley Fever Virus.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2024Article
- Large-Scale Production of Anti-RNase A VHH Expressed inCurrent issues in molecular biology · 2023Article
- Preparation and identification of a single domain antibody specific for adenovirus vectors and its application to the immunoaffinity purification of adenoviruses.AMB Express · 2022Article
- Comparison of the oxidative respiratory burst and mitogen-induced leukocyte responses of camels, goats, sheep, and cows.Veterinary world · 2022Article
- Neutralization of Typhoid Toxin by Alpaca-Derived, Single-Domain Antibodies Targeting the PltB and CdtB Subunits.Infection and immunity · 2022Article
- Perspective on therapeutic and diagnostic potential of camel nanobodies for coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19).3 Biotech · 2021Review
- COVID-19 and Hyperimmune sera: A feasible plan B to fight against coronavirus.International immunopharmacology · 2021Review
- Development and Evaluation of a Novel VHH-Based Immunocapture Assay for High-Sensitivity Detection of Shiga Toxin Type 2 (Stx2) in Stool Samples.Journal of clinical microbiology · 2020Article
- Single-domain antibodies for functional targeting of the signaling scaffold Shoc2.Molecular immunology · 2020Article
- Nanobody‑horseradish peroxidase and -EGFP fusions as reagents to detect porcine parvovirus in the immunoassays.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Camelids produce both conventional heterotetrameric antibodies and homodimeric heavy-chain only antibodies. The antigen-binding region of such homodimeric heavy-chain only antibodies consists of one single domain, called VHH. VHHs provide many advantages over conventional full-sized antibodies and currently used antibody-based fragments (Fab, scFv), including high specificity, stability and solubility, and small size, allowing them to recognize unusual antigenic sites and deeply penetrate tissues. Since their discovery, VHHs have been used extensively in diagnostics and therapy. In recent decades, the number of outbreaks of diseases transmissible from animals to humans has been on the rise. In this review, we evaluate the status of VHHs as diagnostic and therapeutic biomolecular agents for the detection and treatment of zoonotic diseases, such as bacterial, parasitic, and viral zoonosis. VHHs show great adaptability to inhibit or neutralize pathogenic agents for the creation of multifunctional VHH-based diagnostic and therapeutic molecules against zoonotic diseases.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.