ArticleBrain research2019
Oxidative stress induces release of 2'-AMP from microglia.
Article in Brain research, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- Brain Structures, Circuits, and Networks Involved in Immune Regulation, Periodontal Health, and Disease.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Hippocampal Microglia Activation Induced by Acute Pancreatic Injury in Rats.Digestive diseases and sciences · 2024Article
- Construction and functional enrichment analysis of the competitive endogenous RNA regulatory network for nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy based on high-throughput sequencing.Functional & integrative genomics · 2022Article
- Adenosine receptors regulate exosome production.Purinergic signalling · 2020Article
- 2',3'-cGMP exists in vivo and comprises a 2',3'-cGMP-guanosine pathway.American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundMicroglia metabolize exogenous 2'-AMP and 3'-AMP (non-canonical nucleotides) to adenosine and exogenous 2'-AMP and 3'-AMP (via conversion to adenosine) inhibit the production of inflammatory cytokines by microglia. This suggests that if microglia release endogenous 2'-AMP and/or 3'-AMP in response to injurious stimuli, this would complete an autocrine/paracrine mechanism that attenuates the over-activation of microglia during brain injury. Here we investigated in microglia (and for comparison astrocytes and neurons) the effects of injurious stimuli on extracellular and intracellular levels of 2',3'-cAMP (2'-AMP and 3'-AMP precursor), 2'-AMP, and 3'-AMP.
methodsExperiments were conducted in primary cultures of rat microglia, astrocytes, and neurons. Cells were exposed to oxygen/glucose deprivation, iodoacetate plus 2,4-dinitrophenol (metabolic inhibitors), glutamate, or H KEY
resultsIn microglia, H
conclusionsOxidative stress (but not oxygen/glucose deprivation, energy deprivation, or excitotoxicity) induces microglia (but not astrocytes or neurons) to release 2'-AMP, but not 3'-AMP. The 2',3'-cAMP/2'-AMP/adenosine pathway mechanism may serve to prevent over-activation of microglia in response to oxidative stress.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.