Evidence map›Paper›PMID 30394574›Full record

ReviewNeuropathology and applied neurobiology2019

Invited Review: APOE at the interface of inflammation, neurodegeneration and pathological protein spread in Alzheimer's disease.

M Tzioras, C Davies, A Newman, R Jackson, T Spires-Jones

Open access · hybridAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Neuropathology and applied neurobiology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 86 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
86citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
7.6field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

86 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 144 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  19. Endothelial progenitor cells and cerebral small vessel disease inCerebral circulation - cognition and behavior · 2025
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26 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.

M TziorasUK Dementia Research Institute and Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-2660-5943
C DaviesUK Dementia Research Institute and Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.ORCID 0000-0003-2422-0633
A NewmanUK Dementia Research Institute and Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
R JacksonUK Dementia Research Institute and Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
T Spires-JonesUK Dementia Research Institute and Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.ORCID 0000-0003-2530-0598
UK Dementia Research Institute · GBHarvard University · US

Funding

Medical Research Council MR/K026992/1Medical Research Council MR/L016400/1
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Despite more than a century of research, the aetiology of sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains unclear and finding disease modifying treatments for AD presents one of the biggest medical challenges of our time. AD pathology is characterized by deposits of aggregated amyloid beta (Aβ) in amyloid plaques and aggregated tau in neurofibrillary tangles. These aggregates begin in distinct brain regions and spread throughout the brain in stereotypical patterns. Neurodegeneration, comprising loss of synapses and neurons, occurs in brain regions with high tangle pathology, and an inflammatory response of glial cells appears in brain regions with pathological aggregates. Inheriting an apolipoprotein E ε4 (APOE4) allele strongly increases the risk of developing AD for reasons that are not yet entirely clear. Substantial amounts of evidence support a role for APOE in modulating the aggregation and clearance of Aβ, and data have been accumulating recently implicating APOE4 in exacerbating neurodegeneration, tau pathology and inflammation. We hypothesize that APOE4 influences all the pathological hallmarks of AD and may sit at the interface between neurodegeneration, inflammation and the spread of pathologies through the brain. Here, we conducted a systematic search of the literature and review evidence supporting a role for APOE4 in neurodegeneration and inflammation. While there is no direct evidence yet for APOE4 influencing the spread of pathology, we postulate that this may be found in future based on the literature reviewed here. In conclusion, this review highlights the importance of understanding the role of APOE in multiple important pathological mechanisms in AD.

Indexed as

Alzheimer DiseaseAmyloid beta-PeptidesBrainInflammationNeurofibrillary TanglesPlaque, AmyloidAmyloid beta-PeptidesAlzheimer's diseaseAPOEApolipoprotein Egliainflammationneurodegenerationtau

Identifiers

PMID30394574
PMCPMC6563457
OpenAlexW2900302187

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.