ArticleTemperature (Austin, Tex.)2018
No clear benefit of muscle heating on hypertrophy and strength with resistance training.
Article in Temperature (Austin, Tex.), 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- The effects of hot-water immersion on cardiovascular and cardiorespiratory health of healthy adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Physiological reports · 2026Pooled it
- Effect of pneumatic and cold compression on muscle performance and recovery in combat sports athletes.Scientific reports · 2025Trial
- Cold- and hot-water immersion are not more effective than placebo for the recovery of physical performance and training adaptations in national level soccer players.European journal of applied physiology · 2025Trial
- The effect of low-intensity resistance training after heat stress on muscle size and strength of triceps brachii: a randomized controlled trial.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2019Trial
- Comparison between eccentric and concentric resistance exercise training without equipment for changes in muscle strength and functional fitness of older adults.European journal of applied physiology · 2019Trial
- Expert consensus on passive heating interventions to promote skeletal muscle strength and mass: a delphi study.European journal of applied physiology · 2026Article
- Displacement MMG-based estimation of dynamic muscle viscoelasticity in the quadriceps during passive pedaling.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Repeated passive heat treatment increases muscle tissue capillarization, but does not affect postprandial muscle protein synthesis rates in healthy older adults.The Journal of physiology · 2025Article
- Effects of concurrent heat and hypoxic training on cycling anaerobic capacity in men.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- The Effects of Heat Therapy During Immobilization and Rehabilitation on Muscle Atrophy and Strength Loss at Return to Sports in Healthy Humans.Orthopaedic journal of sports medicine · 2024Article
- The Effects of Combined Contrast Heat Cold Pressure Therapy on Post-Exercise Muscle Recovery in MMA Fighters: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Journal of human kinetics · 2024Article
- Optimal Duration of Cold and Heat Compression for Forearm Muscle Biomechanics in Mixed Martial Arts Athletes: A Comparative Study.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2024Article
- The combined influences of local heat application and resistance exercise on the acute mRNA response of skeletal muscle.Frontiers in physiology · 2024Article
- The independent effects of local heat application on muscle growth program associated mRNA and protein phosphorylation.Journal of thermal biology · 2023Article
- Functional Impact of Post-exercise Cooling and Heating on Recovery and Training Adaptations: Application to Resistance, Endurance, and Sprint Exercise.Sports medicine - open · 2022Review
- Effects of Twelve Sessions of High-Temperature Sauna Baths on Body Composition in Healthy Young Men.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Six weeks of localized heat therapy does not affect muscle mass, strength and contractile properties in healthy active humans.European journal of applied physiology · 2021Article
- Skeletal muscle adaptations to heat therapy.Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) · 2020Article
- Resistance Exercise in a Hot Environment Alters Serum Markers in Untrained Males.Frontiers in physiology · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Heat is a major stressor during exercise, though its value in driving adaptation is not well understood. Muscle heating can upregulate pathways facilitating protein synthesis and could thereby enhance effects of exercise training, however, few studies have investigated this possibility. We examined whether heating active muscle during resistance training differentially affected physical and functional adaptations. Within a randomised contralateral-limb control study, ten healthy, resistance-untrained individuals (21 ± 3 y; 5 female) completed 30 sessions of progressive resistance training (12 weeks), performing 4 × 8 unilateral knee extensions at 70% of 1RM. One randomly-allocated thigh was heated during, and for 20 min after, each session using an electric pad eliciting muscle temperatures of >38 °C (HOT); the contralateral limb remained unheated (CON). Training intensity was progressed using 4-weekly strength assessments. Quadricep lean mass (measured using DXA) increased by 15 ± 7% in HOT (
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.