ArticleEnvironmental health perspectives2018
Longitudinal Analysis of Long-Term Air Pollution Levels and Blood Pressure: A Cautionary Tale from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis.
Article in Environmental health perspectives, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Associations of exposure to PMBMC public health · 2025Pooled it
- Beyond genetics: how environmental stressors drive pediatric hypertension risk.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2026Review
- Long Term Exposure to Ambient Particulate MatterKidney international reports · 2026Article
- CD4+ T Cell Activation and Peripheral Immune Cell Influx into the Brain Following Wildfire Smoke Exposure is Modulated by a Saturated Fat Diet.Research square · 2026Article
- Sharing common measures of the environment across continents: challenges and opportunities for global studies of aging.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2026Article
- Semiparametric approaches for mitigating spatial confounding in large environmental epidemiology cohort studies.Environmetrics · 2025Article
- Air pollution and cardiovascular diseases: mechanisms, evidence, and mitigation strategies.Journal of medicine and life · 2025Review
- Association between annual concentration of air pollutants and incidence of metabolic syndrome among Korean adults: Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES).Environmental health : a global access science source · 2025Article
- An assessment of the mediating role of hypertension in the effect of long-term air pollution exposure on dementia.Environmental epidemiology (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2024Article
- Long-term exposure to ambient air pollution and measures of central hemodynamics and arterial stiffness among multiethnic Chicago residents.Environmental health : a global access science source · 2024Article
- Sex differences and dietary patterns in the association of air pollutants and hypertension.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Disentangling impacts of multiple pollutants on acute cardiovascular events in New York city: A case-crossover analysis.Environmental research · 2024Article
- Structural and social determinants of health: The multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis.PloS one · 2024Article
- Hypertension and Stroke as Mediators of Air Pollution Exposure and Incident Dementia.JAMA network open · 2023Article
- Rural-Urban Disparities in Multimorbidity Associated With Climate Change and Air Pollution: A Longitudinal Analysis Among Chinese Adults Aged 45.Innovation in aging · 2023Article
- A longitudinal analysis of PM2.5 exposure and multimorbidity clusters and accumulation among adults aged 45-85 in China.PLOS global public health · 2022Article
- Association of long-term exposure to PMBMJ open · 2021Article
- Long-Term Exposures to Urban Noise and Blood Pressure Levels and Control Among Older Adults.Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) · 2021Article
- Social Susceptibility to Multiple Air Pollutants in Cardiovascular Disease.Research report (Health Effects Institute) · 2021Article
- Long-term effects of ambient PM2.5 on hypertension in multi-ethnic population from Sichuan province, China: a study based on 2013 and 2018 health service surveys.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2021Article
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10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAir pollution exposures are hypothesized to impact blood pressure, yet few longitudinal studies exist, their findings are inconsistent, and different adjustments have been made for potentially distinct confounding by calendar time and age.
objectiveWe aimed to investigate the associations of long- and short-term [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] concentrations with systolic and diastolic blood pressures and incident hypertension while also accounting for potential confounding by age and time.
methodsBetween 2000 and 2012, Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis participants were measured for systolic and diastolic blood pressure at five exams. We estimated annual average and daily [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] concentrations for 6,569 participants using spatiotemporal models and measurements, respectively. Associations of exposures with blood pressure corrected for medication were studied using mixed-effects models. Incident hypertension was examined with Cox regression. We adjusted all models for sex, race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, smoking, physical activity, diet, season, and site. We compared associations from models adjusting for time-varying age with those that adjusted for both time-varying age and calendar time.
resultsWe observed decreases in pollution and blood pressures (adjusted for age and medication) over time. Strong, positive associations of long- and short-term exposures with blood pressure were found only in models with adjustment for time-varying age but not adjustment for both time-varying age and calendar time. For example, [Formula: see text] higher annual average [Formula: see text] concentrations were associated with 2.7 (95% CI: 1.5, 4.0) and [Formula: see text] (95% CI: [Formula: see text] 1.0) mmHg in systolic blood pressure with and without additional adjustment for time, respectively. Associations with incident hypertension were similarly weakened by additional adjustment for time. Sensitivity analyses indicated that air pollution did not likely cause the temporal trends in blood pressure.
conclusionsIn contrast to experimental evidence, we found no associations between long- or short-term exposures to air pollution and blood pressure after accounting for both time-varying age and calendar time. This research suggests that careful consideration of both age and time is needed in longitudinal studies with trending exposures. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP2966.
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