ArticleActa veterinaria Scandinavica2018
A prospective study on insect bite hypersensitivity in horses exported from Iceland into Switzerland.
Article in Acta veterinaria Scandinavica, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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11 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Validation of an improved insect bite hypersensitivity severity score for allergic equine insect bite hypersensitivity in horses.Journal of veterinary internal medicine · 2026Article
- A novel oral immunotherapy strategy using transgenic barley inducesFrontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Article
- Early allergen introduction overrides allergy predisposition in offspring of horses withFrontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Allergic Dermatitis in Pêga Breed Donkeys (Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Article
- Insect Bite Hypersensitivity in Horses: Causes, Diagnosis, Scoring and New Therapies.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2023Review
- The Effect of Insect Bite Hypersensitivity on Movement Activity and Behaviour of the Horse.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2023Article
- Development of an inhibiting antibody against equine interleukin 5 to treat insect bite hypersensitivity of horses.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Article
- Skin Lesions and Systemic Reactions in Humans Infested by Blackflies (Diptera: Simullidae) in Recreational Areas in Southeastern Poland.Journal of clinical medicine · 2021Article
- First clinical expression of equine insect bite hypersensitivity is associated with co-sensitization to multiple Culicoides allergens.PloS one · 2021Article
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7 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundInsect bite hypersensitivity (IBH) is an IgE-mediated dermatitis caused by bites of Culicoides spp., which occurs frequently in horses imported from Iceland to continental Europe. IBH does not occur in Iceland because Culicoides species that bite horses are not present. However, Simulium vittatum (S. vittatum) are found in Iceland. In Europe, blood basophils from IBH-affected horses release significantly more sulfidoleukotrienes (sLT) than those from healthy controls after in vitro stimulation with Culicoides nubeculosus (C. nubeculosus) and S. vittatum. Aims of the study were: (I) using the sLT release assay, to test if horses living in Iceland were sensitized to S. vittatum and (II) to determine in a longitudinal study in horses imported from Iceland to Switzerland whether the sLT release assay would allow to predict which horses would develop IBH.
resultsHorses in Iceland, even when living in high S. vittatum areas, were usually not sensitized to S. vittatum or C. nubeculosus. Incidence of IBH in the 145 horses from the longitudinal study was 51% and mean time until IBH developed was 2.5 ± 1 year. Before import and after the first summer following import, there were no significant differences in sLT release between the endpoint healthy (H) and IBH groups. After the 2nd summer, when the number of clinically affected horses increased in the endpoint IBH group, a significantly higher sLT release after stimulation with C. nubeculosus but not with S. vittatum was observed. After the 3rd and 4th summer, the endpoint IBH group had a significantly higher sLT release with C. nubeculosus and S. vittatum than the endpoint H group. Some of the horses that remained healthy became transiently positive in the sLT release assay upon stimulation of their peripheral blood leucocytes with C. nubeculosus.
conclusionsHorses in Iceland are not sensitized to S. vittatum. In horses that develop IBH, sensitization to S. vittatum is secondary to sensitization to C. nubeculosus and probably a result of an immunological cross-reactivity. A sLT release assay cannot be used to predict which horses will develop IBH. A transient positive reaction in the sLT release assay observed in horses that remained healthy suggests that immunoregulatory mechanisms may control an initial sensitization of the healthy horses.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.