ReviewBMC nephrology2018
Lithium and nephrotoxicity: a literature review of approaches to clinical management and risk stratification.
Review in BMC nephrology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 49 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
49 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 129 citations in OpenAlex.
- Optimizing Treatment Strategies in the Bipolar Disorder Spectrum With Classical AI Approaches: Systematic Review of Performance, Bias, and Clinical Applicability.JMIR mental health · 2026Pooled it
- Psychotropic Drugs and Adverse Kidney Effects: A Systematic Review of the Past Decade of Research.CNS drugs · 2022Pooled it
- Lithium effects on renal functioning: an expert opinion and management algorithm.International journal of bipolar disorders · 2026Article
- Low-dose lithium supplementation promotes musculoskeletal and metabolic health in ovariectomized female mice.The Journal of physiology · 2026Article
- SGLT2 Inhibitors Associated With Improved Kidney Function in Lithium-Treated Patients With Mood Disorders: A Real-World Historical Cohort Study.Bipolar disorders · 2026Article
- Severe recurrent hypernatremia and probable lithium-associated nephrogenic diabetes insipidus following pancreatectomy in a patient with schizophrenia: a case report.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Lithium nephrotoxicity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of lithium versus non-lithium control studies in patients with affective disorders.Therapeutic advances in psychopharmacology · 2026Review
- Reversible Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus Induced by Lithium: A Case Report.Case reports in nephrology · 2026Article
- Potential protective role of GLP-1 receptor agonists for lithium-induced nephrotoxicity: a population-based observational study.CNS spectrums · 2025Observational
- D-Carvone Mitigating Renal Damage and Enhancing Antioxidant Defense in Lithium Induced Nephrotoxicity.Food science & nutrition · 2025Article
- Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors for Lithium-Associated Kidney Dysfunction in Mood Disorders: A Real-World Historical Cohort Study.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Partial central diabetes insipidus during lithium use: A case report and literature review.PCN reports : psychiatry and clinical neurosciences · 2025Article
- Comprehensive Review on Association of Bipolar Disorder and Substance Abuse: Dual Diagnosis and Treatment Approaches.Cureus · 2025Review
- Influence of Ageing on the Pharmacodynamics and Pharmacokinetics of Chronically Administered Medicines in Geriatric Patients: A Review.Clinical pharmacokinetics · 2025Review
- Article
- Prospects for lithium treated patients with severe renal impairment.International journal of bipolar disorders · 2025Article
- Various endurance training intensities improve GFR and Up-regulate AQP2/GSK3β in lithium-induced nephropathic rats.BMC nephrology · 2025Article
- Medium cut-off membrane expanded hemodialysis for Lithium removal: a case report.Frontiers in toxicology · 2025Article
- Article
- Predominantly multiple focal non-cystic renal lesions: an imaging approach.Abdominal radiology (New York) · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundDespite lithium being the most efficacious treatment for bipolar disorder, its use has been decreasing at least in part due to concerns about its potential to cause significant nephrotoxicity. Whilst the ability of lithium to cause nephrogenic diabetes insipidus is well established, its ability to cause chronic kidney disease is a much more vexing issue, with various studies suggesting both positive and negative causality. Despite these differences, the weight of evidence suggests that lithium has the potential to cause end stage kidney disease, albeit over a prolonged period.
methodsA search strategy for this review was developed to identify appropriate studies, sourced from the electronic databases EMBASE, PubMed (NLM) and MEDLINE. Search terms included lithium with the AND operator to combine with nephrotoxicity or nephropathy or chronic kidney disease or nephrogenic diabetes insipidus or renal and pathophysiology.
resultsThe risks for the development of lithium induced nephropathy are less well defined but appear to include the length of duration of therapy as well as increasing age, as well as episodes of over dosage/elevated lithium levels. Whilst guidelines exist for the routine monitoring of lithium levels and renal function, it remains unclear when nephrological evaluation should occur, as well as when cessation of lithium therapy is appropriate balancing the significant attendant mental health risks as well as the potential for progression to occur despite cessation of therapy against the risks and morbidity of bipolar disorder itself.
conclusionThis paper will elucidate on the current evidence pertaining to the topic of the clinical management of lithium induced nephrotoxicity and provide a guide for clinicians who are faced with the long-term management of these patients.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.