ArticleMalaria journal2018
Human mobility and factors associated with malaria importation in Lusaka district, Zambia: a descriptive cross sectional study.
Article in Malaria journal, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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10 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Assessment of malaria risk in Southeast Asia: a systematic review.Malaria journal · 2023Pooled it
- Malaria Risk among Internally Mobile Individuals and Heterogeneous Mobility Patterns in Two Hypoendemic Communities: Implications for Malaria Elimination in the Peruvian Amazon.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Community antibiotic consumption and associated factors in Lusaka district of Zambia: findings and implications for antimicrobial resistance and stewardship.JAC-antimicrobial resistance · 2024Article
- Sub-national tailoring of malaria interventions in Mainland Tanzania: simulation of the impact of strata-specific intervention combinations using modelling.Malaria journal · 2022Article
- Prevalence, characteristics and risk factors of imported and local malaria cases in North-Western Province, Zambia: a cross-sectional study.Malaria journal · 2020Article
- Association between recent overnight travel and use of long-lasting insecticidal nets in rural Uganda: a prospective cohort study in Tororo.Malaria journal · 2020Article
- Modelling malaria reduction in a highly endemic country: Evidence from household survey, climate, and program data in Zambia.Journal of public health in Africa · 2020Article
- Rapid shifts in the age-specific burden of malaria following successful control interventions in four regions of Uganda.Malaria journal · 2020Article
- Human mobility and urban malaria risk in the main transmission hotspot of Amazonian Brazil.PloS one · 2020Article
- En-route to the 'elimination' of genotypic chloroquine resistance in Western and Southern Zambia, 14 years after chloroquine withdrawal.Malaria journal · 2019Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundMalaria is a major public health problem in Zambia with an estimated 4 million confirmed cases and 2389 deaths reported in 2015. Efforts to reduce the incidence of malaria are often undermined by a number of factors such as human mobility which may lead to introduction of imported infections. The aim of this study was to establish the burden of malaria attributed to human mobility in Lusaka district and identify factors associated with malaria importation among residents of Lusaka district.
methodsA cross sectional study was conducted in five randomly selected health facilities in Lusaka district from November 2015 to February 2016. Data was collected from 260 patients who presented with malaria and whose status was confirmed by rapid diagnostic test or microscopy. Each confirmed malaria case was interviewed using a structured questionnaire to establish their demographic characteristics, travel history and preventive measures. Travel history was used as a proxy to classify cases as either imported or local. Residency was also used as a secondary proxy for importation to compare characteristics of residents vs non-residents in relation to malaria importation. Logistic regression was used to determine factors associated with malaria importation among residents of Lusaka district.
resultsOut of 260 cases, 94.2% were classified as imported cases based on participants' travel history. There were 131 (50.4%) males and 129 (49.6%) females. Age distribution ranged from 0 to 68 years with a median age of 15 years (IQR 8-27). Imported cases came from all the ten provinces of Zambia with the Copperbelt Province being the highest contributor (41%). Of all imported cases, use of prophylaxis was found to be highly protective [AOR = 0.22 (95% CI 0.06-0.82); p-value = 0.024]. Other factors that significantly influence malaria transmission and importation by residents include duration of stay in a highly endemic region [AOR = 1.25 (95% CI 1.09-1.44); p-value = 0.001] and frequency of travel [AOR = 3.71 (95% CI 1.26-10.84); p-value = 0.017].
conclusionHuman mobility has influenced malaria transmission in Lusaka district through a number of factors by importing infections. This leads to onward transmission and poses a challenge to malaria elimination and control. However, taking of prophylaxis is highly protective and must be highly recommended.
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