ArticleCell2018
US Immigration Westernizes the Human Gut Microbiome.
Article in Cell, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 445 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
445 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Socioeconomic position and the gut microbiota: a narrative synthesis of the association and recommendations.Gut microbes · 2026Pooled it
- Meta-analysis of 22,710 human microbiome metagenomes defines an oral-to-gut microbial enrichment score and associations with host health and disease.Nature communications · 2025Pooled it
- The gut microbiota of Indigenous populations in the context of dietary westernization: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Pooled it
- A scoping review of the health effects of fermented foods in specific human populations and their potential role in precision nutrition: current knowledge and gaps.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Pooled it
- Obesity in Refugees post-resettlement in a high-income country: a meta-analysis.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2024Pooled it
- Baseline gut microbiome and metabolome profiles predict weight loss after a structured lifestyle intervention.Microbiome · 2026Trial
- Gut Prevotella stercorea associates with protection against infection in rural African children.Nature communications · 2025Trial
- Food- vs. supplement-based very-low-energy diets and gut microbiome composition in women with high body mass index: A randomized controlled trial.Cell reports. Medicine · 2025Trial
- Metabolic plasticity of the gut microbiome in response to diets differing in glycemic load in a randomized, crossover, controlled feeding study.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2025Trial
- A Randomized Pilot Study of Time-Restricted Eating Shows Minimal Microbiome Changes.Nutrients · 2025Trial
- Gut microbiomes of tribal communities in India vary with dairy and grain consumption.Gut microbes · 2026Article
- Distinct trajectories of urbanization shape the human gut microbiome across South Asia.Gut microbes · 2026Article
- Comparative insights into the gut-heart axis: cross-species and cross-population perspectives.Gut microbes · 2026Review
- Gut microbial diversity and candidate keystone taxa in Indian tribes: Insights across lifestyle-ecological continuum and health associations.Current research in microbial sciences · 2026Article
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- Sex-Biased Immunity: The Hidden Variable in Immuno-oncology.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2026Review
- Article
- Generational immigration status and gastric cancer incidence among Japanese descendants: an analysis of the Multiethnic Cohort (MEC) Study.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2026Article
- Intersections of gastrointestinal dysbiosis of the gut microbiome and aging.World journal of gastrointestinal pathophysiology · 2026Review
385 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
24 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Many US immigrant populations develop metabolic diseases post immigration, but the causes are not well understood. Although the microbiome plays a role in metabolic disease, there have been no studies measuring the effects of US immigration on the gut microbiome. We collected stool, dietary recalls, and anthropometrics from 514 Hmong and Karen individuals living in Thailand and the United States, including first- and second-generation immigrants and 19 Karen individuals sampled before and after immigration, as well as from 36 US-born European American individuals. Using 16S and deep shotgun metagenomic DNA sequencing, we found that migration from a non-Western country to the United States is associated with immediate loss of gut microbiome diversity and function in which US-associated strains and functions displace native strains and functions. These effects increase with duration of US residence and are compounded by obesity and across generations.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.