ArticlePediatric surgery international2019
Assessment of the nitrofen model of congenital diaphragmatic hernia and of the dysregulated factors involved in pulmonary hypoplasia.
Article in Pediatric surgery international, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 46 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pulmonary hypertension secondary to congenital diaphragmatic hernia: factors and pathways involved in pulmonary vascular remodeling.Pediatric research · 2019Pooled it
- Bibliometric analysis of congenital diaphragmatic hernia research models: evolution and insights from the past three decades.Pediatric surgery international · 2026Review
- An overview of the placenta's role in the development of congenital diaphragmatic hernia.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Review
- Antenatal Sildenafil for Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia: A Systematic Review and Bayesian Meta-Analysis of Preclinical Studies.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- The nitrofen/bisdiamine murine model of congenital diaphragmatic hernia has a pulmonary hypertension vascular phenotype consistent with human CDH.American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology · 2025Article
- Amniotic fluid stem cell extracellular vesicles as a novel fetal therapy for pulmonary hypoplasia: a review on mechanisms and translational potential.Stem cells translational medicine · 2025Review
- Fetal hypoplastic lungs have multilineage inflammation that is reversed by amniotic fluid stem cell extracellular vesicle treatment.Science advances · 2024Article
- The brain of fetuses with congenital diaphragmatic hernia shows signs of hypoxic injury with loss of progenitor cells, neurons, and oligodendrocytes.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Pulmonary vasculature development in congenital diaphragmatic hernia: a novel automated quantitative imaging analysis.Pediatric surgery international · 2024Article
- Dysregulation of CITED2 in abnormal lung development in the nitrofen rat model.Pediatric surgery international · 2024Article
- Characterization of the congenital diaphragmatic hernia model in C57BL/6J fetal mice: a step toward lineage tracing experiments.Pediatric surgery international · 2023Article
- Anti-inflammatory effects of antenatal administration of stem cell derived extracellular vesicles in the brain of rat fetuses with congenital diaphragmatic hernia.Pediatric surgery international · 2023Article
- Single-cell transcriptomic profiling of microvascular endothelial cell heterogeneity in congenital diaphragmatic hernia.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Treatment with Amniotic Fluid Stem Cell Extracellular Vesicles Promotes Fetal Lung Branching and Cell Differentiation at Canalicular and Saccular Stages in Experimental Pulmonary Hypoplasia Secondary to Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia.Stem cells translational medicine · 2022Article
- Global gene expression profiling in congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) patients.Functional & integrative genomics · 2022Article
- Low maternal vitamin A intake increases the incidence of teratogen induced congenital diaphragmatic hernia in mice.Pediatric research · 2022Article
- Distinct Epithelial Cell Profiles in Normal Versus Induced-Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia Fetal Lungs.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2022Article
- Review
- Article
- Epithelial cell-adhesion protein cadherin 26 is dysregulated in congenital diaphragmatic hernia and congenital pulmonary airway malformation.Pediatric surgery international · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeTo study pulmonary hypoplasia (PH) associated with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH), investigators have been employing a fetal rat model based on nitrofen administration to dams. Herein, we aimed to: (1) investigate the validity of the model, and (2) synthesize the main biological pathways implicated in the development of PH associated with CDH.
methodsUsing a defined strategy, we conducted a systematic review of the literature searching for studies reporting the incidence of CDH or factors involved in PH development. We also searched for PH factor interactions, relevance to lung development and to human PH.
resultsOf 335 full-text articles, 116 reported the incidence of CDH after nitrofen exposure or dysregulated factors in the lungs of nitrofen-exposed rat fetuses. CDH incidence: 54% (27-85%) fetuses developed a diaphragmatic defect, whereas the whole litter had PH in varying degrees. Downregulated signaling pathways included FGF/FGFR, BMP/BMPR, Sonic Hedgehog and retinoid acid signaling pathway, resulting in a delay in early epithelial differentiation, immature distal epithelium and dysfunctional mesenchyme.
conclusionsThe nitrofen model effectively reproduces PH as it disrupts pathways that are critical for lung branching morphogenesis and alveolar differentiation. The low CDH rate confirms that PH is an associated phenomenon rather than the result of mechanical compression alone.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.