ArticleOncoimmunology
Tumor mutational burden is a determinant of immune-mediated survival in breast cancer.
Article in Oncoimmunology. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04033965 (Tumor Mutational Patterns and Infiltrating Lymphocyte Density in Young and Old Patients With Breast Cancer), which is not on this map. Cited by 160 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Tumor Mutational Patterns and Infiltrating Lymphocyte Density in Young and Old Patients With Breast Cancer
Who cites it
160 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 256 citations in OpenAlex.
- PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint blockade in breast cancer: research insights and sensitization strategies.Molecular cancer · 2024Pooled it
- The prognostic role of tumor mutation burden on survival of breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC cancer · 2022Pooled it
- Can Radiotherapy Empower the Host Immune System to Counterattack Neoplastic Cells? A Systematic Review on Tumor Microenvironment Radiomodulation.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2022Pooled it
- Comparative Efficacy and Safety of Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 for the Treatment of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Network Meta-Analysis of 13 Randomized Controlled Studies.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Pooled it
- CTLA-4 Expression and Its Clinical Significance in Breast Cancer.Archivum immunologiae et therapiae experimentalis · 2021Pooled it
- Tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes as a prognostic and tamoxifen predictive marker in premenopausal breast cancer: data from a randomised trial with long-term follow-up.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2020Trial
- The immunology of human breast cancer.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2026Review
- Article
- Genome-scale molecular profiling from routine histopathology with a multimodal pathology foundation model.Research square · 2026Article
- Association of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and proinflammatory biomarkers with breast cancer molecular subtypes: analysis of the MEND study.Breast cancer research and treatment · 2026Article
- AI-assisted image analysis of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes as a prognostic marker in chemotherapy-naïve luminal breast cancer.NPJ breast cancer · 2026Article
- Identification of a prognostic model using immune related genes combined with tumour mutational burden and T cell infiltration in triple-negative breast cancer.Oncology letters · 2026Article
- Article
- Molecular subgroups and biomarker guided precision immunotherapy in triple-negative breast cancer: advances, challenges, and future directions.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Breast Cancer: Mechanisms, Biomarkers, and Future Therapeutic Strategies.Therapeutics and clinical risk management · 2026Review
- Tumor PD-L1 induces β2m ubiquitylation and degradation for cancer cell immune evasion.Cell research · 2026Article
- Whole-genome landscapes of 1,364 breast cancers.Nature · 2026Article
- Tumor-Derived CDC37 Inhibits Antigen Cross-Presentation in Dendritic Cells and Impairs Anti-Tumor Immunity in Breast Cancer.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Can neoadjuvant chemotherapy be replaced with immune checkpoint blockade combined with dual anti-HER2 antibodies for HER2-enriched breast cancer?Translational breast cancer research : a journal focusing on translational research in breast cancer · 2026Article
- Optimizing immunotherapy-radiotherapy synergy in triple-negative breast cancer: mechanisms, clinical evidence, and therapeutic windows.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
100 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
20 authors at 9 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Mounting evidence supports a role for the immune system in breast cancer outcomes. The ability to distinguish highly immunogenic tumors susceptible to anti-tumor immunity from weakly immunogenic or inherently immune-resistant tumors would guide development of therapeutic strategies in breast cancer. Genomic, transcriptomic and clinical data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Molecular Taxonomy of Breast Cancer International Consortium (METABRIC) breast cancer cohorts were used to examine statistical associations between tumor mutational burden (TMB) and the survival of patients whose tumors were assigned to previously-described prognostic immune subclasses reflecting favorable, weak or poor immune-infiltrate dispositions (FID, WID or PID, respectively). Tumor immune subclasses were associated with survival in patients with high TMB (TMB-Hi,
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.