ArticleBritish journal of cancer2018
Tumour budding is associated with the mesenchymal colon cancer subtype and RAS/RAF mutations: a study of 1320 colorectal cancers with Consensus Molecular Subgroup (CMS) data.
Article in British journal of cancer, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 46 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
46 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Clinical Value of Consensus Molecular Subtypes in Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of the National Cancer Institute · 2022Pooled it
- Analysis of tumor microenvironmental features to refine prognosis by T, N risk group in patients with stage III colon cancer (NCCTG N0147) (Alliance).Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology · 2020Trial
- Characteristics of small early colorectal cancer in the non-pedunculated lesions and its relationship with the depth of invasion.BMC gastroenterology · 2026Article
- Embryonic Signaling Pathways Shape Colorectal Cancer Subtypes: Linking Gut Development to Tumor Biology.Pathophysiology : the official journal of the International Society for Pathophysiology · 2025Article
- Associations of Biomarkers of Systemic Inflammation, Angiogenesis, and Cell-to-Cell Adhesion With Tumor Budding Among Early-Onset and Later-Onset Colorectal Cancer Patients.Cancer medicine · 2025Observational
- Assessing genotype-phenotype correlations in colorectal cancer with deep learning: a multicentre cohort study.The Lancet. Digital health · 2025Article
- Endosomal pH is an evolutionarily conserved driver of phenotypic plasticity in colorectal cancer.NPJ systems biology and applications · 2024Article
- Tumor microenvironment characteristics association with clinical outcome in patients with resected intestinal-type gastric cancer.The oncologist · 2024Article
- Differential effect of tumor budding on the benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy in stage II colorectal cancer: a retrospective observational study.Journal of gastrointestinal oncology · 2024Article
- Clinical Challenges of Consensus Molecular Subtype CMS4 Colon Cancer in the Era of Precision Medicine.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2024Review
- Article
- Improved Risk-Stratification Scheme for Mismatch-Repair Proficient Stage II Colorectal Cancers Using the Digital Pathology Biomarker QuantCRC.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2024Article
- Novel biomarker SARIFA in colorectal cancer: highly prognostic, not genetically driven and histologic indicator of a distinct tumor biology.Cancer gene therapy · 2024Article
- Machine Learning and Radiomics Analysis for Tumor Budding Prediction in Colorectal Liver Metastases Magnetic Resonance Imaging Assessment.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Article
- Predicting survival and prognosis in early-onset locally advanced colon cancer: a retrospective observational study.International journal of colorectal disease · 2023Observational
- How the interplay among the tumor microenvironment and the gut microbiota influences the stemness of colorectal cancer cells.World journal of stem cells · 2023Review
- Endoscopic and pathological characteristics ofWorld journal of gastroenterology · 2023Article
- Intratumor heterogeneity and cell secretome promote chemotherapy resistance and progression of colorectal cancer.Cell death & disease · 2023Article
- Differential CMS-Related Expression of Cell Surface Carbonic Anhydrases IX and XII in Colorectal Cancer Models-Implications for Therapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
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11 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
backgroundTumour budding is an important prognostic factor in colorectal cancer (CRC). Molecular profiling of tumour buds suggests (partial) epithelial-mesenchymal transition and cancer stem-cell phenotype, similarly described in the "mesenchymal" Consensus Molecular Subtype 4 (CMS4), which identifies a particularly poor prognostic subgroup. Here, we determine the association of tumour budding with CMS classification, prognosis, and response to therapy.
methodsAMC-AJCCII-90 cohort (n = 76, stage II) was evaluated for peritumoural budding on H&E slides. LUMC (n = 270, stage I-IV), CAIRO (n = 504, metastatic CRC) and CAIRO2 (n = 472, metastatic CRC) cohorts were investigated for intratumoural budding using pan-cytokeratin-stained tissue microarrays. Budding was scored as count/area, then classified as <5 or ≥5 buds. For all cohorts, CMS classifications were available (gene-expression/immunohistochemistry-based classifiers).
resultsHigh (≥5) budding predicted a worse outcome in multivariate analysis in AMC-AJCCII-90 (p = 0.018), LUMC (p < 0.0001), and CAIRO (p = 0.03), and in CAIRO2 (continuous variable, p = 0.02). Tumour budding counts were higher in CMS4 compared to epithelial CMS2/3 cancers (p < 0.01, all), and associated with KRAS/BRAF mutations (p < 0.01, AMC-AJCCII-90, CAIRO, CAIRO2).
conclusionTumour budding is an adverse prognostic factor across all CRC stages and is associated with the mesenchymal CMS4 phenotype. KRAS/BRAF mutations are strongly correlated with tumour budding suggesting their involvement in the regulation of this process.
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