Evidence map›Paper›PMID 30385076›Full record

ArticleAddictive behaviors2019

Simplifying the implementation of modern scale scoring methods with an automated R package: Automated moderated nonlinear factor analysis (aMNLFA).

Nisha C Gottfredson, Veronica T Cole, Michael L Giordano, Daniel J Bauer, Andrea M Hussong, Susan T Ennett

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Addictive behaviors, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 48 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
48citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

48 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Trial
  2. Measurement invariance in the Youth Electronic Cigarette Outcome Expectancies Questionnaire across sex and race/ethnicity in pre- to early adolescence.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2026
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  6. Indirect Effects of the Coping Power Intervention on Latent Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviors: an Integrative Data Analysis.Prevention science : the official journal of the Society for Prevention Research · 2026
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  14. Establishing measurement equivalence of a youth-reported parental monitoring measure across sex, race/ethnicity, and intersectional identity.Journal of family psychology : JFP : journal of the Division of Family Psychology of the American Psychological Association (Division 43) · 2025
    Article
  15. Article
  16. A short executive functioning questionnaire in the context of early childhood screening: psychometric properties.Child neuropsychology : a journal on normal and abnormal development in childhood and adolescence · 2025
    Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. The Impact of Sparse Datasets When Harmonizing Data from Studies with Different Measures of the Same Construct.Prevention science : the official journal of the Society for Prevention Research · 2024
    Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Nisha C GottfredsonDepartment of Health Behavior, UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health, 135 Dauer Drive, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States; Center for Developmental Science, 100 E. Franklin St., Suite 200, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States. Electronic address: gottfredson@unc.edu.
Veronica T ColeCenter for Developmental Science, 100 E. Franklin St., Suite 200, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States.
Michael L GiordanoDepartment of Psychology and Neuroscience, UNC, 235 E. Cameron Ave., Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States.
Daniel J BauerCenter for Developmental Science, 100 E. Franklin St., Suite 200, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States; Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, UNC, 235 E. Cameron Ave., Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States.
Andrea M HussongCenter for Developmental Science, 100 E. Franklin St., Suite 200, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States; Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, UNC, 235 E. Cameron Ave., Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States.
Susan T EnnettDepartment of Health Behavior, UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health, 135 Dauer Drive, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States; Center for Developmental Science, 100 E. Franklin St., Suite 200, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States.

Funding

Harmonizing substance use and disorder measures to facilitate multistudy analysesR01DA034636 · NIDA · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI BAUER, DANIEL J · 2013 to 2017
$2.9M
THE CONTEXT OF ADOLESCENT SUBSTANCE USER01DA013459 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI ENNETT, SUSAN T · 2000 to 2004
$2.1M
The Impact of Affect Regulatory Mechanisms and Binge Eating on Drug RecoveryK01DA035153 · NIDA · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI GOTTFREDSON O'SHEA, NISHA · 2014 to 2018
$777k
Peer Mechanisms in the Internalizing Pathway to Substance UseR01DA037215 · NIDA · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI HUSSONG, ANDREA M · 2014 to 2016
$684k
NIDA NIH HHS K01 DA035153NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA013459NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA034636NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA037215
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

When generating scores to represent latent constructs, analysts have a choice between applying psychometric approaches that are principled but that can be complicated and time-intensive versus applying simple and fast, but less precise approaches, such as sum or mean scoring. We explain the reasons for preferring modern psychometric approaches: namely, use of unequal item weights and severity parameters, the ability to account for local dependence and differential item functioning, and the use of covariate information to more efficiently estimate factor scores. We describe moderated nonlinear factor analysis (MNLFA), a relatively new, highly flexible approach that allows analysts to develop precise factor score estimates that address limitations of sum score, mean score, and traditional factor analytic approaches to scoring. We then outline the steps involved in using the MNLFA scoring approach and discuss the circumstances in which this approach is preferred. To overcome the difficulty of implementing MNLFA models in practice, we developed an R package, aMNLFA, that automates much of the rule-based scoring process. We illustrate the use of aMNLFA with an empirical example of scoring alcohol involvement in a longitudinal study of 6998 adolescents and compare performance of MNLFA scores with traditional factor analysis and sum scores based on the same set of 12 items. MNLFA scores retain more meaningful variation than other approaches. We conclude with practical guidelines for scoring.

Indexed as

Factor Analysis, StatisticalNonlinear DynamicsAdolescentData VisualizationEmpirical ResearchFemaleHumansLongitudinal StudiesMalePsychometricsSoftwareUnderage DrinkingAutomated moderated nonlinear factor analysis (aMNLFA)PsychometricsR packageScoring

Identifiers

PMID30385076
PMCPMC6483881

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.