Trial reportCanadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie2019
Outcome of Psychoanalytic and Cognitive-Behavioural Long-Term Therapy with Chronically Depressed Patients: A Controlled Trial with Preferential and Randomized Allocation.
Trial report in Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Long-Term Psychodynamic Psychotherapy for Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Depression and anxiety · 2026Pooled it
- The impact of patient choice on uptake, adherence, and outcomes across depression, anxiety, and eating disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Psychological medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Comparative effectiveness of short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy and cognitive behavioral therapy for major depression in psychiatric outpatient clinics: a randomized controlled trial.BMC psychiatry · 2025Trial
- Childhood trauma and differential response to long-term psychoanalytic versus cognitive-behavioural therapy for chronic depression in adults.The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science · 2024Trial
- Psychoanalysis in times of plurality of sciences illustrated by the LAC depression study and the MODE study.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Review
- Article
- Mapping the psychoanalytic literature on bipolar disorder: a scoping review of journal articles.Revista brasileira de psiquiatria (Sao Paulo, Brazil : 1999) · 2023Article
- Dreams and Trauma Changes in the Manifest Dreams in Psychoanalytic Treatments - A Psychoanalytic Outcome Measure.Frontiers in psychology · 2021Article
- The Contribution of Gut Microbiota-Brain Axis in the Development of Brain Disorders.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2021Review
- Internet-based psychodynamic therapy vs cognitive behavioural therapy for social anxiety disorder: A preference study.Internet interventions · 2020Article
- Annual Research Review: Defining and treating pediatric treatment-resistant depression.Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines · 2020Review
- Long-term outcomes of trials in the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence depression guideline.BJPsych open · 2019Article
- Sixth Kraepelin Symposium-Understanding and Treating Cognitive Impairment and Depression in Schizophrenia and Affective Disorders.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2019Article
- The scientific standing of psychoanalysis.BJPsych international · 2018Article
- The Neurobiological Underpinnings of Psychoanalytic Theory and Therapy.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveFor chronic depression, the effectiveness of brief psychotherapy has been limited. This study is the first comparing the effectiveness of long-term cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) and long-term psychoanalytic therapy (PAT) of chronically depressed patients and the effects of preferential or randomized allocation.
methodsA total of 252 adults met the inclusion criteria (aged 21-60 years, major depression, dysthymia, double depression for at least 24 months, Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptoms [QIDS] >9, Beck Depression Inventory II [BDI] >17, informed consent, not meeting exclusion criteria). Main outcome measures were depression self-rating (BDI) and rating (clinician-rated QIDS [QIDS-C]) by independent, treatment-blinded clinicians. Full remission rates (BDI ≤12, QIDS-C ≤5) were calculated. An independent center for data management and biostatistics analyzed the treatment effects and differences using linear mixed models (multilevel models and hierarchical models).
resultsThe average BDI declined from 32.1 points by 12.1 points over the first year and 17.2 points over 3 years. BDI overall mean effect sizes increased from d = 1.17 after 1 year to d = 1.83 after 3 years. BDI remission rates increased from 34% after 1 year to 45% after 3 years. QIDS-C overall effect sizes increased from d = 1.56 to d = 2.08, and remission rates rose from 39% after 1 year to 61% after 3 years. We found no significant differences between PAT and CBT or between preferential and randomized allocation.
conclusionsPsychoanalytic as well as cognitive-behavioural long-term treatments lead to significant and sustained improvements of depressive symptoms of chronically depressed patients exceeding effect sizes of other international outcome studies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.