ArticleDrug and alcohol dependence2018
Propylene glycol, a major electronic cigarette constituent, attenuates the adverse effects of high-dose nicotine as measured by intracranial self-stimulation in rats.
Article in Drug and alcohol dependence, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- β-Nicotyrine and e-cigarette abuse liability II: Behavioral economic demand and intracranial self-stimulation in rats.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2026Article
- Effects of volatile organic compounds found in cigarette smoke on intracranial self-stimulation in rats.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2025Article
- Nicotine, THC, and Dolutegravir Modulate E-Cigarette-Induced Changes in Addiction- and Inflammation-Associated Genes in Rat Brains and Astrocytes.Brain sciences · 2023Article
- Beyond the label: current evidence and future directions for the interrelationship between electronic cigarettes and mental health.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2023Review
- Developmental toxicity and neurotoxicity assessment of R-, S-, and RS-propylene glycol enantiomers in zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2022Article
- Cigarette Smoke Extract, but Not Electronic Cigarette Aerosol Extract, Inhibits Monoamine OxidaseFrontiers in neuroscience · 2022Article
- β-Carbolines found in cigarette smoke elevate intracranial self-stimulation thresholds in rats.Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior · 2020Article
- Flavor-specific enhancement of electronic cigarette liquid consumption and preference in mice.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2020Article
- Comparison of the Relative Abuse Liability of Electronic Cigarette Aerosol Extracts and Nicotine Alone in Adolescent Rats: A Behavioral Economic Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Article
- Modeling drug exposure in rodents using e-cigarettes and other electronic nicotine delivery systems.Journal of neuroscience methods · 2020Review
- Non-nicotine constituents in e-cigarette aerosol extract attenuate nicotine's aversive effects in adolescent rats.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundNon-nicotine tobacco constituents may contribute to the abuse liability of tobacco products. We previously reported that electronic cigarette (EC) refill liquids containing nicotine and a range of non-nicotine constituents attenuated the anhedonic/aversive effects of nicotine in an intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) model. The alcohol propylene glycol (PG) is a primary ingredient in these and other EC liquids, yet its abuse potential has not been established. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effects of parenteral administration of PG alone and PG combined with nicotine on ICSS in rats. METHODS AND
resultsPG alone did not affect ICSS at concentrations up to 100%. PG (25% or 60%) did not affect nicotine's reinforcement-enhancing (ICSS threshold-decreasing) effects at low to moderate nicotine doses, but attenuated nicotine's reinforcement-attenuating/aversive (ICSS threshold-increasing) effects at a high nicotine dose. PG concentrations similar to those in EC liquid doses used in our previous studies (1% or 3%) modestly attenuated the ICSS threshold-elevating effects of a high nicotine dose.
conclusionsPG attenuated elevations in ICSS thresholds induced by high-dose nicotine, which may reflect an attenuation of nicotine's acute aversive/anhedonic and/or toxic effects. PG may have contributed to the attenuated ICSS threshold-elevating effects of EC liquids reported previously. Further examination of PG in models of addiction and toxicity is needed to understand the consequences of EC use and to inform the development of EC product standards by the FDA.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.