ArticlePloS one2018
Development and pre-testing of the Patient Engagement In Research Scale (PEIRS) to assess the quality of engagement from a patient perspective.
Article in PloS one, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 75 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
75 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Real-World Performance Measurement of Patient-Centered Clinical Decision Support Tools: Qualitative Study.JMIR formative research · 2026Pooled it
- Tools for assessing health research partnership outcomes and impacts: a systematic review.Health research policy and systems · 2023Pooled it
- Evaluating Meaningful Patient and Public Involvement in Intensive Care Research-A PEIRS-22 Survey.Nursing in critical care · 2026Article
- A roadmap for developing a program to self-manage post-traumatic knee osteoarthritis risk.Osteoarthritis and cartilage open · 2026Article
- Building the future of patient-centred research: an EULAR PARE community of practice advancing patient research partner involvement in rheumatology.EULAR rheumatology open · 2026Article
- Building meaningful partnerships: engaging and co-developing a patient advisory council to inform the implementation of person-centred quality indicators in Alberta primary care.Research involvement and engagement · 2026Article
- Strengthening Value Assessment and Health Economics and Outcomes Research Proposals Through Patient Engagement: Guidelines for Researchers.The patient · 2026Review
- The Many Faces of Engagement: A Scoping Review of Paediatric Patient and Family Engagement in Clinical Care, Education and Research.Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy · 2026Article
- Co-design-related approaches in medication safety for people with dementia: A scoping review.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2026Article
- Training Adolescents and Young Adults to be Partners in Research: Co-Creating the Young Patients' Autoimmune Research and Empowerment Alliance.Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy · 2026Article
- Supporting researchers to involve patient partners in health service research: developing and assessing the feasibility and acceptability of a co-produced training programme for researchers.Research involvement and engagement · 2026Article
- A Supportive Group Intervention for Caregivers to Patients Diagnosed With Glioblastoma: Protocol for the SUGRI Study.JMIR research protocols · 2026Article
- Engagement of people with lived experience in the design and development of digital mental health interventions: A scoping review of engagement characteristics and impacts.Internet interventions · 2026Review
- The CHI-RON Study: Using PCORnet® and Patient Engagement Strategies to Improve Diversity Among Research Participants in the Congenital Heart Initiative.Medical care · 2026Article
- Co-developing a complex transfer intervention with parents: a case study of involvement and parental experience.Research involvement and engagement · 2026Article
- Article
- Leveraging co-production in the systematic review of evidence to update the pan-Canadian Oncology Symptom Triage and Remote Support (COSTaRS) practice guides.Canadian oncology nursing journal = Revue canadienne de nursing oncologique · 2026Article
- Article
- From engagement to evidence: a scoping review of qualitative and quantitative measures of adult patient engagement in research.Research involvement and engagement · 2025Review
- Citizen science in osteoarthritis research: a scoping review.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2025Article
15 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesTo develop and examine the content and face validity of the Patient Engagement In Research Scale (PEIRS) for assessing the quality of patient engagement in research projects from a patient partner perspective.
methodsOur team of researchers and patient partners conducted a mixed qualitative and quantitative study in three phases. Participants were English-speaking adult patients (including informal caregivers, family members, and friends) with varying experiences as partners in research projects in Canada. 1) Questionnaire items were generated following thematic analysis of in-depth interviews and published literature. 2) A three-round e-Delphi survey process via email correspondence was undertaken to refine and select the items for a provisional PEIRS. 3) Two rounds of cognitive interviewing elicited participants' understanding and opinions of each item and the structure of the PEIRS.
resultsOne hundred and twenty items were generated from 18 interviews and organized across eight themes of meaningful engagement of patients in health research to form an initial questionnaire. The e-Delphi survey and cognitive interviewing each included 12 participants with a range of self-reported diseases, health-related conditions, and use of healthcare services. The e-Delphi survey yielded a 43-item provisional PEIRS. The PEIRS was then reduced to 37 items organized across seven themes after 1) refinement of problems in its instructions and items, and 2) the combining of two themes into one.
conclusionsWe developed a 37-item self-reported questionnaire that has demonstrated preliminary content and face validity for assessing the quality of patient engagement in research.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.