SynthesisAnnals of internal medicine2018
Clinical Outcomes Associated With Sickle Cell Trait: A Systematic Review.
Synthesis in Annals of internal medicine, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 79 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
79 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 122 citations in OpenAlex.
- Phenome- and laboratory-wide meta-analyses of sickle cell trait reveal multi-system disease associations.American journal of human genetics · 2026Pooled it
- Methylation profile of individuals with sickle cell trait.Epigenetics · 2025Pooled it
- Chronic kidney disease in adults with sickle cell trait: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Blood advances · 2025Pooled it
- COVID-19 outcomes among patients with sickle cell disease or sickle cell trait compared to the general population: a systematic review and meta-analyses.Annals of hematology · 2024Pooled it
- Ancestry-independent risk of venous thromboembolism in individuals with sickle cell trait vs factor V Leiden.Blood advances · 2024Pooled it
- Hidden morbidity in early adulthood: Discrepancies between self-reported and screening-detected health conditions among university students in Ghana.Global epidemiology · 2026Article
- Alterations of Plasma Metabolites Associated with Sickle Cell Trait.Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN · 2026Article
- EHA Recommendations for preconceptual and antenatal screening and prenatal diagnosis for hemoglobinopathies.HemaSphere · 2026Article
- Exertional Rhabdomyolysis, Hyposthenuria, and Acute Kidney Injury: The Non-benign Side of Sickle Cell Trait.Cureus · 2026Article
- Implementation of the National Collegiate Athletic Association Sickle Cell Trait Screening Policy: Methods and Staff and Athlete Perspectives.Public health genomics · 2026Article
- Pyogenic Splenic Abscess With Concurrent Active Plasmodium falciparum Malaria and Sickle Cell Trait: A Case Report.Cureus · 2026Article
- Debunking myths: sickle cell trait, crises, and sudden death.Blood advances · 2025Article
- Vigorous physical activity as a potential environmental risk factor in renal medullary carcinoma.Urologic oncology · 2025Article
- Sickle cell trait and severe maternal morbidity.American journal of obstetrics and gynecology · 2025Article
- Prevalence, risk factors, and demographic insights of sickle cell hepatopathy in Omani adolescents and adults: A retrospective analysis.Saudi journal of gastroenterology : official journal of the Saudi Gastroenterology Association · 2025Article
- Genotype-dependent albuminuria in adult sickle cell disease in Kinshasa.Annals of hematology · 2025Article
- Exertional rhabdomyolysis among active component members of the U.S. Armed Forces, 2020-2024.MSMR · 2025Article
- Addressing the pathophysiology of venous thrombosis and chronic kidney disease in sickle cell trait using a mouse model.Blood advances · 2025Article
- Venous thromboembolism with contraceptive use in females with sickle cell trait.AJOG global reports · 2025Article
- Evaluation of low-cost techniques to detect sickle cell disease and β-thalassemia: an open-label, international, multicentre study.The Lancet regional health. Southeast Asia · 2025Article
19 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 9 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Background: Although sickle cell trait (SCT) is largely a benign carrier state, it may increase risk for certain clinical outcomes. Purpose: To evaluate associations between SCT and clinical outcomes in children and adults. Data Sources: English-language searches of PubMed, CINAHL, the Cochrane Library, Current Contents Connect, Scopus, and Embase (1 January 1970 to 30 June 2018) and bibliographies of review articles. Study Selection: Observational controlled studies (published in English) in children or adults that examined an association between SCT and any of 24 clinical outcomes specified a priori in the following 6 categories: exertion-related injury; renal, vascular, pediatric, and surgery- or trauma-related outcomes; and overall mortality. Data Extraction: A single reviewer extracted study data, which was checked by another; 2 reviewers independently assessed study quality; and strength of evidence was assessed by consensus. Data Synthesis: Of 7083 screened studies, 41 met inclusion criteria. High-strength evidence supported a positive association between SCT and risk for pulmonary embolism, proteinuria, and chronic kidney disease. Moderate-strength evidence supported a positive association between SCT and exertional rhabdomyolysis and a null association between SCT and deep venous thrombosis, heart failure or cardiomyopathy, stroke, and pediatric height or weight. Absolute risks for thromboembolism and rhabdomyolysis were small. For the remaining 15 clinical outcomes, data were insufficient or strength of evidence was low. Limitation: Publication bias was possible, and high-quality evidence was scant. Conclusion: Sickle cell trait is a risk factor for a few adverse health outcomes, such as pulmonary embolism, kidney disease, and exertional rhabdomyolysis, but does not seem to be associated with such complications as heart failure and stroke. Insufficient data or low-strength evidence exists for most speculated complications of SCT. Primary Funding Source: National Human Genome Research Institute.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.