ReviewBreast cancer research and treatment2019
Resistance to endocrine therapy in breast cancer: molecular mechanisms and future goals.
Review in Breast cancer research and treatment, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 102 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
102 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 161 citations in OpenAlex.
- Progression-free survival prediction and comparative metastasis detection accuracy ofEuropean journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging · 2026Pooled it
- Hormone, Targeted, and Combinational Therapies for Breast Cancers: From Humans to Dogs.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Pooled it
- Pan-Asian adapted ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for the diagnosis, staging and treatment of patients with metastatic breast cancer.ESMO open · 2023Guideline
- Tumor suppression, dose-limiting toxicity and wellbeing with the fetal estrogen estetrol in patients with advanced breast cancer.Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology · 2021Trial
- A comparative in silico and in vitro analysis of antiviral agents targeting estrogen and progesterone receptors in breast cancer.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Article
- Cancer-associated fibroblast promotes tamoxifen resistance in estrogen receptor positive breast cancer via exosomal LncRNA PRKCQ-AS1/miR-200a-3p/MKP1 axis-mediated apoptosis suppression.Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2025Article
- Differential Expression of Long Non-Coding RNA IGF2-AS in Tamoxifen-Resistant Breast Cancer Cells.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- The assessment of breast cancer biomarkers in diagnosis, prognosis and treatment monitoring: integrated analysis.Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology · 2025Review
- MiR-101-3p and miR-106b-5p roles in EMT pathway: prognostic and therapeutic insights for luminal breast cancer.Journal of the Egyptian National Cancer Institute · 2025Article
- Ethanol extract fromNarra J · 2025Article
- Article
- Cytokeratin expression in breast cancer: from mechanisms, progression, diagnosis, and prognosis to therapeutic implications.Molecular & cellular oncology · 2025Review
- Estrogen-induced FXR1 promotes endocrine resistance and bone metastasis in breast cancer via BCL2 and GPX4.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2025Article
- Improving the Prognostic and Predictive Value of Circulating Tumor Cell Enumeration: Is Longitudinal Monitoring the Answer?International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- A NovelBiomedicines · 2024Article
- ESR1 Fusions Invoke Breast Cancer Subtype-Dependent Enrichment of Ligand-Independent Oncogenic Signatures and Phenotypes.Endocrinology · 2024Article
- The GPR30 Receptor Is Involved in IL-6-Induced Metastatic Properties of MCF-7 Luminal Breast Cancer Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Tumor Lipid Signatures Are Descriptive of Acquisition of Therapy Resistance in an Endocrine-Related Breast Cancer Mouse Model.Journal of proteome research · 2024Article
- Elacestrant in the treatment landscape of ER-positive, HER2-negative, ESR1-mutated advanced breast cancer: a contemporary narrative review.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2024Review
42 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
introductionThe majority of breast cancers (BCs) are characterized by the expression of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα+). ERα acts as ligand-dependent transcription factor for genes associated with cell survival, proliferation, and tumor growth. Thus, blocking the estrogen agonist effect on ERα is the main strategy in the treatment of ERα+ BCs. However, despite the development of targeted anti-estrogen therapies for ER+ BC, around 30-50% of early breast cancer patients will relapse. Acquired resistance to endocrine therapy is a great challenge in ER+ BC patient treatment. DISCUSSION: Anti-estrogen resistance is a consequence of molecular changes, which allow for tumor growth irrespective of estrogen presence. Those changes may be associated with ERα modifications either at the genetic, regulatory or protein level. Additionally, the activation of alternate growth pathways and/or cell survival mechanisms can lead to estrogen-independence and endocrine resistance.
conclusionThis comprehensive review summarizes molecular mechanisms associated with resistance to anti-estrogen therapy, focusing on genetic alterations, stress responses, cell survival mechanisms, and cell reprogramming.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.