ArticleScientific reports2018
A reduced M1-like/M2-like ratio of macrophages in healthy adipose tissue expansion during SGLT2 inhibition.
Article in Scientific reports, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers.
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Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 56 citations in OpenAlex.
- Review
- Ketogenic Diet as an Adjuvant in Epithelial Cancers: Mechanisms, Model Systems, and Translational Opportunities.Cancers · 2026Review
- Targeting epicardial adipose tissue in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: exploring the dapagliflozin connection.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2026Article
- Targeting Skeletal Muscle in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: Integrating in Silico and Experimental Approaches to Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibition.The American journal of pathology · 2026Article
- Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors and sepsis: a story with two tails or with one tail?Inflammopharmacology · 2026Review
- Beyond the BMI Paradox: Unraveling the Cellular and Molecular Determinants of Metabolic Health in Obesity.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- The neglected PCK1/glucagon (inter)action in nutrient homeostasis beyond gluconeogenesis: Disease pathogenesis and treatment.Molecular metabolism · 2025Review
- Post-hoc analysis of the tofogliflozin post-marketing surveillance study (J-STEP/LT): Tofogliflozin improves liver function in type 2 diabetes patients regardless of BMI.Journal of diabetes investigation · 2025Article
- Anti-Inflammatory Effects of SGLT2 Inhibitors: Focus on Macrophages.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Addressing Endothelial Dysfunction in Heart Failure: The Role of Endothelial Progenitor Cells and New Treatment Horizons.Cardiac failure review · 2025Review
- SGLT2 inhibition and adipose tissue metabolism: current outlook and perspectives.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2024Review
- Review
- Immune-Modulating Effects of Low-Carbohydrate Ketogenic Foods in Healthy Canines.Current developments in nutrition · 2024Article
- Current Medical Therapy and Revascularization in Peripheral Artery Disease of the Lower Limbs: Impacts on Subclinical Chronic Inflammation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Dapagliflozin Mitigates Hypotension in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Inflammation Independent of Glycemia Level.Pharmaceutics · 2023Article
- Macrophage Phenotypes and Gene Expression Patterns Are Unique in Naturally Occurring Metabolically Healthy Obesity.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Cardiovascular protection by SGLT2 inhibitors - Do anti-inflammatory mechanisms play a role?Molecular metabolism · 2022Review
- Role of Sodium-Glucose Co-Transporter 2 Inhibitors in the Regulation of Inflammatory Processes in Animal Models.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Emerging Roles of Sodium Glucose Cotransporter 2 (SGLT-2) Inhibitors in Diabetic Cardiovascular Diseases: Focusing on Immunity, Inflammation and Metabolism.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Review
- The Potential Roles of Osmotic and Nonosmotic Sodium Handling in Mediating the Effects of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors on Heart Failure.Journal of cardiac failure · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The adipose tissue includes various stromal cells, such as preadipocytes, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and immune cells, which are involved in adipose tissue functions. We previously reported that, in obese mice, the sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor ipragliflozin (Ipra) promoted the expansion of the epididymal adipose tissue (Epi) with increase of serum ketone body concentration. The Ipra-induced adipose tissue expansion did not deteriorate adipose inflammation, or systemic glucose/lipid metabolism, referred to as "healthy adipose tissue expansion." Here we found that Ipra promoted healthy adipose tissue expansion with a reduced ratio of pro-inflammatory M1-like adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) to anti-inflammatory M2-like ATMs. Ipra downregulated the gene expression of interleukin (IL)-15 (Il15) in stromal cells of Epi. IL-15 inhibited lipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells associated with downregulation of the lipogenic gene. Ketone body β-hydroxybutyrate suppressed Il15 gene induction in M1-polarized cultured macrophages, and a ketogenic diet reproduced the adipose tissue expansion without deteriorating systemic glucose metabolism in mice. Our data indicate that the phenotypic switch of ATMs could mediate healthy adipose tissue expansion by treatment with Ipra, and it may offer new insights into the pathophysiological mechanisms of adipose tissue expansion.
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