ReviewThorax2019
Natural killer cells in lung transplantation.
Review in Thorax, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 48 citations in OpenAlex.
- International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation Scientific Statement on pulmonary antibody-mediated rejection and proposed graft, antibody, and pathology (GAP) definition.The Journal of heart and lung transplantation : the official publication of the International Society for Heart Transplantation · 2026Guideline
- Pooled it
- Airway molecular signatures in antibody-mediated lung transplant rejection.American journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons · 2026Article
- NKG2D blockade impairs tissue-resident memory T cell accumulation and reduces chronic lung allograft dysfunction.JCI insight · 2025Article
- Primary graft dysfunction after Lung transplantation: unveiling the role of innate immunity.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2025Article
- CD94The European respiratory journal · 2024Article
- Article
- Observational
- Innate and adaptive effector immune drivers of cytomegalovirus disease in lung transplantation: a double-edged sword.Frontiers in transplantation · 2024Review
- Short airway telomeres are associated with primary graft dysfunction and chronic lung allograft dysfunction.The Journal of heart and lung transplantation : the official publication of the International Society for Heart Transplantation · 2023Article
- Theseus and the search for an antibody-mediated rejection molecular state in lung transplant biopsies.American journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons · 2023Article
- CD16American journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons · 2023Article
- Changes in HCMV immune cell frequency and phenotype are associated with chronic lung allograft dysfunction.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- NKG2D receptor activation drives primary graft dysfunction severity and poor lung transplantation outcomes.JCI insight · 2022Article
- Review
- Immune processes in the pathogenesis of chronic lung allograft dysfunction: identifying the missing pieces of the puzzle.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2022Review
- Characterization of NKG2-A/-C, Kir and CD57 on NK Cells Stimulated with pp65 and IE-1 Antigens in Patients Awaiting Lung Transplant.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Strategies to induce natural killer cell tolerance in xenotransplantation.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Lymphocytic Airway Inflammation in Lung Allografts.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are innate lymphoid cells that have been increasingly recognised as important in lung allograft tolerance and immune defence. These cells evolved to recognise alterations in self through a diverse set of germline-encoded activating and inhibitory receptors and display a broad range of effector functions that play important roles in responding to infections, malignancies and allogeneic tissue. Here, we review NK cells, their diverse receptors and the mechanisms through which NK cells are postulated to mediate important lung transplant clinical outcomes. NK cells can promote tolerance, such as through the depletion of donor antigen-presenting cells. Alternatively, these cells can drive rejection through cytotoxic effects on allograft tissue recognised as 'non-self' or 'stressed', via killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) or NKG2D receptor ligation, respectively. NK cells likely mediate complement-independent antibody-mediated rejection of allografts though CD16A Fc receptor-dependent activation induced by graft-specific antibodies. Finally, NK cells play an important role in response to infections, particularly by mediating cytomegalovirus infection through the CD94/NKG2C receptor. Despite these sometimes-conflicting effects on allograft function, enumeration of NK cells may have an important role in diagnosing allograft dysfunction. While the effects of immunosuppression agents on NK cells may currently be largely unintentional, further understanding of NK cell biology in lung allograft recipients may allow these cells to serve as biomarkers of graft injury and as therapeutic targets.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.