ArticlePloS one2018
Anticholinergic burden in adult and elderly people with intellectual disabilities: Results from an Italian multicenter cross-sectional study.
Article in PloS one, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- Anticholinergic Burden in Individuals with Down Syndrome: An Examination of Risk and Clinical Implications.Journal of personalized medicine · 2026Article
- A Rapid Mapping Review of Medication Burden in Adults with an Intellectual Disability: What We Know and What We Do Not Know.Drug, healthcare and patient safety · 2026Review
- Anticholinergic burden and its predictors among patients with schizophrenia in Northwest Ethiopia: An institutional-based cross sectional study.Therapeutic advances in psychopharmacology · 2026Article
- Anticholinergics, executive function, and cognitive/behavioral changes in Down syndrome.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Article
- Observational
- Autism, Diagnostics, and Dementia: A Consensus Report From the 2nd International Summit on Intellectual Disabilities and Dementia.International journal of geriatric psychiatry · 2025Review
- Changes in anticholinergic cognitive burden and risk of single and recurrent falls: population-based cohort study.Age and ageing · 2025Article
- Constipation-associated factors in outpatients with schizophrenia: A multicenter questionnaire survey.Neuropsychopharmacology reports · 2024Article
- The Impact of Polypharmacy on Management of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms in Parkinson's Disease.Drugs & aging · 2023Review
- A study on prescriptions contributing to the risk of high anticholinergic burden in adults with intellectual disabilities: retrospective record linkage study.Annals of general psychiatry · 2022Article
- The adverse effects of long-term exposure to anticholinergics among people with intellectual disabilities: a scoping review.HRB open research · 2022Article
- Laxative use and mortality in patients on haemodialysis: a prospective cohort study.BMC nephrology · 2021Article
- Article
- Association between Anticholinergic Burden and Constipation: A Systematic Review.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Observational
- Pattern of treatment of behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia and pain: evidence on pharmacoutilization from a large real-world sample and from a centre for cognitive disturbances and dementia.European journal of clinical pharmacology · 2021Observational
- The effects of concurrent oral paliperidone or risperidone use with paliperidone long-acting injection.The mental health clinician · 2021Article
- Parent-Reported Symptoms and Medications Used Among Children With Severe Neurological Impairment.JAMA network open · 2020Article
- Identifying Important Clinical Symptoms in Children With Severe Neurological Impairment Using Parent-Reported Outcomes of Symptoms.JAMA pediatrics · 2020Article
- Anticholinergics May Carry Significant Cognitive and Gait Burden in Parkinson's Disease.Movement disorders clinical practice · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAdults and older people with intellectual disabilities (ID) frequently receive anti-cholinergic drugs in chronic use, but no studies in Italy to date have investigated cumulative anticholinergic exposure and factors associated with high anticholinergic burden in this frail population.
aimTo probe the cumulative exposure to anticholinergics and the demographic, social and clinical factors associated with high exposure.
methodsThe 2012 updated version of the Anticholinergic Burden Score (ACB) was calculated for a multicentre sample of 276 adult and older people over 40 years with ID and associations with factors assessed.
resultsOverall, antipsychotics, antiepileptics, anxiolytics, and antidepressants were the most frequent classes contributing to the total ACB score. People living in residential care were more likely exposed to high anticholinergic burden (an ACB score of 3+): both community housing (odds ratio [OR] 4.63, 95%CI 1.08-19.95) and nursing home facility ([OR] 9.99, 95%CI 2.32-43.04). There was also a significant association between an ACB score of 3+ and reporting mental health conditions ([OR] 25.56, 95% CI 8.08-80.89) or a neurological disease ([OR] 4.14, 95%CI 1.32-12.94). Neither demographic characteristics (age and gender) nor other clinical conditions (somatic comorbidity, levels and typology of ID) were associated with higher anticholinergic load. A high burden of anticholinergic was significantly more frequent in laxative users (22.6% ACB3+ vs. 5.1% ACB 0) (p = 0.003).
conclusionsPsychotropics drugs were the highest contributors to the anticholinergic burden in adult and old age ID, especially in those people living in institutional settings with mental health and/or neurological conditions. High anticholinergic load has shown to be associated with the use of laxatives.
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