ArticlePloS one2018
The ties that bind: Cradling in Tajikistan.
Article in PloS one, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed.
- Quantifying infants' everyday restrained experiences in the home using wearable inertial sensors.Behavior research methods · 2026Article
- Effects of Gahvora Cradling on Learning, Motor Behavior, and Expression of Affect in 3-Month-Olds in Tajikistan.Brain sciences · 2026Article
- Ecologically-grounded observations offer unique insights into the embodied and embedded nature of infant learning.Human development · 2026Article
- Women with suspected diagnosis of ovarian cancer in Ghana: how much do we know about them?Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- Parental Perspectives and Infant Motor Development: An Integrated Ecological Model.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- An automatic sustained attention prediction (ASAP) method for infants and toddlers using wearable device signals.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Social dynamics of supported walking in 11-month-old infants.Infant behavior & development · 2024Article
- Consistency and variability in multimodal parent-child social interaction: An at-home study using head-mounted eye trackers.Developmental psychology · 2024Article
- Intentional Understanding Through Action Coordination in Early Triadic Interactions.Integrative psychological & behavioral science · 2023Article
- The mountain stream of infant development.Infancy : the official journal of the International Society on Infant Studies · 2023Article
- Equifinality in infancy: The many paths to walking.Developmental psychobiology · 2023Article
- Developing language in a developing body, revisited: The cascading effects of motor development on the acquisition of language.Wiley interdisciplinary reviews. Cognitive science · 2022Review
- Health-related quality of life among cervical cancer survivors at a tertiary hospital in Ghana.PloS one · 2022Article
- Vocal development in a large-scale crosslinguistic corpus.Developmental science · 2021Article
- Real-Time Assembly of Coordination Patterns in Human Infants.Current biology : CB · 2020Observational
- Infant Placement and Language Exposure in Daily Life.Infant and child developmentArticle
- Gahvora cradling in Tajikistan: Cultural practices and associations with motor development.Child developmentArticle
- Comparison of U.S. and Tajik infants' time in containment devices.Infant and child developmentArticle
- Open Science Considerations for Descriptive Research in Developmental Science.Infant and child developmentArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
A traditional childrearing practice-"gahvora" cradling-in Tajikistan and other parts of Central Asia purportedly restricts movement of infants' body and limbs. However, the practice has been documented only informally in anecdotal reports. Thus, this study had two research questions: (1) To what extent are infants' movements restricted in the gahvora? (2) How is time in the gahvora distributed over a 24-hour day in infants from 1-24 months of age? To answer these questions, we video-recorded 146 mothers cradling their infants and interviewed them using 24-hour time diaries to determine the distribution of time infants spent in the gahvora within a day and across age. Infants' movements were indeed severely restricted. Although mothers showed striking uniformity in how they restricted infants' movements, they showed large individual differences in amount and distribution of daily use. Machine learning algorithms yielded three patterns of use: day and nighttime cradling, mostly nighttime cradling, and mostly daytime cradling, suggesting multiple functions of the cradling practice. Across age, time in the gahvora decreased, yet 20% of 12- to 24-month-olds spent more than 15 hours bound in the gahvora. We discuss the challenges and benefits of cultural research, and how the discovery of new phenomena may defy Western assumptions about childrearing and development. Future work will determine whether the extent and timing of restriction impacts infants' physical and psychological development.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.