ArticlePloS one2018
The "speed gene" effect of myostatin arises in Thoroughbred horses due to a promoter proximal SINE insertion.
Article in PloS one, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 61 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Approaches to Thoroughbred Horse Identification in Diverse Sample Types Using Multiplexed SNP-PCR Sequencing Panels.Animal genetics · 2026Article
- Defining the Impact of Genetics on Equine Performance and Development of Orthopaedic Disease.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Review
- Genetic background and phenotypic features of the endangered Miyako horse.Journal of equine science · 2026Article
- Temporal and intra-horse consistency of circulating myostatin concentrations in Thoroughbred racehorses.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Whole-Genome Resequencing Analysis of Athletic Traits in Grassland-Thoroughbred.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- The Effect of Selection on the Two Important Myostatin Gene Mutations in the Dareshouri Horse in the Middle East.Veterinary medicine and science · 2025Article
- Gene doping in horse racing and equine sports: Current landscape and future perspectives.Equine veterinary journal · 2025Review
- Predicted genetic burden and frequency of phenotype-associated variants in the horse.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Genetic characterization of Japanese native horse breeds by genotyping variants that are associated with phenotypic traits.Journal of equine science · 2023Article
- Taming transposable elements in livestock and poultry: a review of their roles and applications.Genetics, selection, evolution : GSE · 2023Review
- Insertion of 643bp Retrotransposon Upstream ofAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2023Article
- Short Insertion and Deletion Discoveries via Whole-Genome Sequencing of 101 Thoroughbred Racehorses.Genes · 2023Article
- Conditionally immortalised equine skeletal muscle cell lines forBiochemistry and biophysics reports · 2023Article
- Myostatin: A Skeletal Muscle Chalone.Annual review of physiology · 2023Review
- Influence of horse demographics, country of training and race distance on the rating of Thoroughbreds.Archives animal breeding · 2023Article
- Common protein-coding variants influence the racing phenotype in galloping racehorse breeds.Communications biology · 2022Article
- Locomotory Profiles in Thoroughbreds: Peak Stride Length and Frequency in Training and Association with Race Outcomes.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2022Article
- Genetic Parameters of Performance and Conformation Traits of 3-Year-Old Warmblood Sport Horses in the Czech Republic.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2022Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Thoroughbred horses are finely-tuned athletes with a high aerobic capacity relative to skeletal muscle mass, attributable to centuries of genetic selection for speed and stamina. Polymorphisms in the myostatin gene (MSTN), a pronounced inhibitor of skeletal muscle growth, have been shown to almost singularly account for gene-based race distance aptitude in racehorses. In Thoroughbreds, two MSTN polymorphisms, a single nucleotide variation in the first intron (SNP g.66493737C>T) and a non-coding transposable element within the promoter region (a 227 bp SINE insertion) are of particular interest. Until now, it has not been clear which of these variants affect skeletal muscle phenotypes or whether both can impact racing performance. In a large cohort of Thoroughbreds, we observed a complete concordance between the SNP and the SINE insertion. By means of in vitro assays in C2C12 myoblasts, we isolated the SNP variant from the SINE polymorphism and showed the latter is exclusively responsible for adversely affecting transcription initiation and gene expression thereby limiting myostatin protein production. Mapping the MSTN transcription start site in horse skeletal muscle likewise revealed anomalous transcription initiation in the presence of the SINE insertion. Our data provides mechanistic evidence that the SINE insertion uniquely accounts for the MSTN "speed gene" effect on race distance aptitude in the Thoroughbred horse.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.