Trial reportThe journal of nutrition, health & aging2018
Markers of Hypoxia and Oxidative Stress in Aging Volunteers Ingesting Lycosomal Formulation of Dark Chocolate Containing Astaxanthin.
Trial report in The journal of nutrition, health & aging, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 48 citations in OpenAlex.
- Exploring the Multifunctional Benefits of Astaxanthin in Aging, Oxidative Stress, Immune Dysfunction, Gut and Skin Health.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Effects of an astaxanthin-containing supplement on oxidative status in skeletal muscle and circulation during deconditioning and reconditioning periods in polo ponies.Physiological reports · 2025Article
- A New Tailored Nanodroplet Carrier of Astaxanthin Can Improve Its Pharmacokinetic Profile and Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Efficacies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Dietary Astaxanthin: A Promising Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Agent for Brain Aging and Adult Neurogenesis.Marine drugs · 2023Review
- Astaxanthin: Past, Present, and Future.Marine drugs · 2023Review
- Markers for the Prediction of Probably Sarcopenia in Middle-Aged Individuals.Journal of personalized medicine · 2022Article
- The Role of Astaxanthin as a Nutraceutical in Health and Age-Related Conditions.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- The Possible Protective Role of Dark Chocolate Against Acrylamide Neurotoxicity in Weaning Rats Cerebellum.Molecular neurobiology · 2022Article
- Astaxanthin as a Novel Mitochondrial Regulator: A New Aspect of Carotenoids, beyond Antioxidants.Nutrients · 2021Review
- Astaxanthin as a Putative Geroprotector: Molecular Basis and Focus on Brain Aging.Marine drugs · 2020Review
- Ingestion of Lycosome L-tug Formulation of Dark Chocolate Ameliorates Postprandial Hyperlipidemia and Hyperglycemia in Healthy Volunteers.Advances in preventive medicine · 2019Article
- Biomarkers of meat and seafood intake: an extensive literature review.Genes & nutrition · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo determine if ingestion of lycosome-formulated dark chocolate (DC) containing astaxanthin (ASTX) improves bioavailability of ASTX and affects markers of hypoxia and oxidative stress in aging individuals.
designRandomized, blinded, four-arm, prospective study. SETTINGS: Lycotec Ltd, Cambridge, United Kingdom and Institute of Cardiology, Saratov, Russian Federation.
participants32 healthy individuals aged 60-70 years with confirmed signs of oxidative stress (increased serum levels of oxidized LDL and malonic dialdehyde) randomized into four study groups (8 volunteers each).
interventionVolunteers of first group were given orally 10 gr of dark chocolate (DC). Individuals from the second group received 7 mg of astaxanthin (ASTX). Third group of volunteers was supplemented with 10 gr of DC and 7 mg of ASTX ingested simultaneously as two separate formulations. Last group of the individuals was given 10 gr of a lycosomal formulation of DC containing 7 mg of co-crystalized ASTX (L-DC-ASTX), a newly developed highly bioavailable nutraceutical composition of DC containing 2 groups of antioxidants (cocoa flavanols and ASTX). All formulations were given orally, once daily for a month. MEASUREMENTS: Serum ASTX was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. Nitric oxide, malonic dialdehyde and oxidized LDL were quantified spectrophotometrically. Oxygenation parameters were evaluated by near-infrared spectroscopy.
resultsOne month ingestion of singular formulation of ASTX lead to a 20 fold buildup in serum ASTX level whereas the 4 week ingestion of L-DC-ASTX formulation was accompanied by more prominent accumulation of ASTX in serum (a 40 fold increase over the basal values) at the same daily dose of ASTX. Both antioxidants taken separately decreased serum levels of oxidized LDL and malonic dialdehyde. However effect of L-DC-ASTX formulation was more prominent. ASTX ingested alone caused a borderline increase (p=0.054) in serum nitric oxide (NO) levels, whereas DC ingestion lead to small but statistically significant increase in serum NO concentration. Higher values of NO level were seen after co-ingestion of DC and ASTX, especially in case of L-DC-ASTX formulation suggesting additive/synergistic effects of DC and ASTX on nitric oxide production. These changes were in agreement with the increase in plasma oxygen transport and tissue oxygen saturation seen in the volunteers supplemented with L-DC-ASTX formulation.
conclusionThe nutraceutical formulation of DC and ASTX with an enhanced bioavailability of ASTX can be efficiently used for the correction of oxidative status in aging individuals.
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