ArticleRevista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de Sao Paulo2018
Levels of primaquine and carboxyprimaquine in patients with malaria vivax from the Brazilian Amazon basin.
Article in Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de Sao Paulo, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Impact of CYP2D6, MAOA, and UGT2B7 genetic variants on recurrence of Plasmodium Vivax in the Brazilian Amazon.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- A nanochitosan-D-galactose formulation increases the accumulation of primaquine in the liver.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2024Article
- Delayed gametocyte clearance inAntimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2024Article
- Measurements of 5,6-Orthoquinone, a Surrogate for the Presumed Active Primaquine Metabolite 5-Hydroxyprimaquine, in the Urine of Cambodian Adults.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2022Article
- Revisiting the Effect of Pharmaceuticals on Transmission Stage Formation in the Malaria ParasiteFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Article
- Enantioselective Interactions of Anti-Infective 8-Aminoquinoline Therapeutics with Human Monoamine Oxidases A and B.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Transplacental Transfer of Primaquine and Neurobehavioral Development of Prenatally Exposed Rats.Journal of toxicology · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In the last two years, a substantial increase in the number of malaria vivax cases has occurred in the Brazilian Amazon basin. The adequate exposure of hypnozoites to primaquine is a matter of interest as these dormant forms are responsible for the maintenance or even the increase of malaria burden in endemic areas. The aim of this study was to estimate the levels of primaquine and carboxyprimaquine in whole blood samples of patients with P. vivax treated with chloroquine and an abbreviated regimen of primaquine (0.5 mg/kg/d for 7 days), with adequate clinical and parasitological outcomes after 180 days of follow-up. A total of 40 male patients met the criteria for inclusion in the study. Primaquine and carboxyprimaquine were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. The levels of primaquine in whole blood samples ranged from 40-238 ng/mL, 42-196 ng/mL and 42-150 ng/mL on days 1, 3 and 7. The levels of carboxyprimaquine in whole blood samples ranged from 87-234 ng/mL, 96-252 ng/mL and 74-448 ng/mL on days 1, 3 and 7. These data provide a reliable estimation of exposure of the infecting parasite to primaquine. Based on the regional pattern of relapse, the estimated blood levels of primaquine can be considered effective against hypnozoites of the local circulating strains of P. vivax.
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