ArticleGlia2018
Traumatic brain injury-induced neuronal damage in the somatosensory cortex causes formation of rod-shaped microglia that promote astrogliosis and persistent neuroinflammation.
Article in Glia, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 107 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
107 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 147 citations in OpenAlex.
- Traumatic brain injury and subsequent brain tumor development: a systematic review of the literature.Neurosurgical review · 2022Pooled it
- Temporal patterns of microglial activation in white matter following experimental mild traumatic brain injury: a systematic literature review.Acta neuropathologica communications · 2021Pooled it
- Microglia regulate sleep and thermoregulatory stability.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2026Article
- Early cerebral hypoperfusion promotes spatially biased tau pathology in tau-seeded PS19 mice.GeroScience · 2026Article
- MicroFace maps microglial morphology remodeling, revealing spatial zones and bifurcated trajectories during brain microinjury recovery.iScience · 2026Article
- Iba1 deficiency impairs microglial synaptic remodeling and neuronal survival after axonal injury.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Article
- Inflammasome adaptor ASC promotes sustained neuroinflammation and mild cognitive impairment in a closed-head injury model.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2026Article
- Pathological Roles of Astrocytes in Traumatic Brain Injury.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2026Review
- Blockade of Presynaptic αNeurochemical research · 2026Article
- Roles of Microglia in Synaptogenesis, Synaptic Pruning, and Synaptic Plasticity in Physiological Conditions and Central Nervous System Disorders.Current neuropharmacology · 2026Review
- Mild Subcortical Stroke Induces Widespread Chronic Reactive Astrogliosis That Is Largely Unaffected by Microglia and Age.ASN neuro · 2026Article
- Post-traumatic meningioma or coincidental occurrence? A case report and critical review of the literature.Surgical neurology international · 2026Article
- Cytokines and related signaling pathways in traumatic brain injury.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Rod-shaped microglia interact with neuronal dendrites to attenuate cortical excitability during TDP-43-related neurodegeneration.Immunity · 2025Article
- Therapeutic VEGFC treatment provides protection against traumatic-brain-injury-driven tauopathy pathogenesis.Cell reports · 2025Article
- Q Neuron-Induced Hypothermia Promotes Functional Recovery and Suppresses Neuroinflammation after Brain Injury.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2025Article
- Caloric restriction mimetic 2-deoxyglucose alters metabolic and transcriptomic phenotype in association with changes in chromatin accessibility in human astrocytes.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- IFI204 in microglia mediates traumatic brain injury-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and pyroptosis via SENP7 interaction.Cell biology and toxicology · 2025Article
- Diffuse traumatic brain injury induced stimulator of interferons (STING) signaling in microglia drives cortical neuroinflammation, neuronal dysfunction, and impaired cognition.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2025Article
- Diffuse Traumatic Brain Injury Induced Stimulator of Interferons (STING) Signaling in Microglia Drives Cortical Neuroinflammation, Neuronal Dysfunction, and Impaired Cognition.Research square · 2025Article
47 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Microglia undergo dynamic structural and transcriptional changes during the immune response to traumatic brain injury (TBI). For example, TBI causes microglia to form rod-shaped trains in the cerebral cortex, but their contribution to inflammation and pathophysiology is unclear. The purpose of this study was to determine the origin and alignment of rod microglia and to determine the role of microglia in propagating persistent cortical inflammation. Here, diffuse TBI in mice was modeled by midline fluid percussion injury (FPI). Bone marrow chimerism and BrdU pulse-chase experiments revealed that rod microglia derived from resident microglia with limited proliferation. Novel data also show that TBI-induced rod microglia were proximal to axotomized neurons, spatially overlapped with dense astrogliosis, and aligned with apical pyramidal dendrites. Furthermore, rod microglia formed adjacent to hypertrophied microglia, which clustered among layer V pyramidal neurons. To better understand the contribution of microglia to cortical inflammation and injury, microglia were eliminated prior to TBI by CSF1R antagonism (PLX5622). Microglial elimination did not affect cortical neuron axotomy induced by TBI, but attenuated rod microglial formation and astrogliosis. Analysis of 262 immune genes revealed that TBI caused profound cortical inflammation acutely (8 hr) that progressed in nature and complexity by 7 dpi. For instance, gene expression related to complement, phagocytosis, toll-like receptor signaling, and interferon response were increased 7 dpi. Critically, these acute and chronic inflammatory responses were prevented by microglial elimination. Taken together, TBI-induced neuronal injury causes microglia to structurally associate with neurons, augment astrogliosis, and propagate diverse and persistent inflammatory/immune signaling pathways.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.