ArticleApplied psychophysiology and biofeedback2019
Respiratory Biofeedback Does Not Facilitate Lowering Arousal in Meditation Through Virtual Reality.
Article in Applied psychophysiology and biofeedback, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 48 citations in OpenAlex.
- Physiological Responses to Virtual Reality-Based Stress Regulation and Relaxation Interventions: A Systematic Review.Stress and health : journal of the International Society for the Investigation of Stress · 2026Pooled it
- Virtual Reality Breathing Interventions for Mental Health: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Applied psychophysiology and biofeedback · 2024Pooled it
- Neurological Evidence of Diverse Self-Help Breathing Training With Virtual Reality and Biofeedback Assistance: Extensive Exploration Study of Electroencephalography Markers.JMIR formative research · 2024Trial
- Development and Pilot Test of a Virtual Reality Respiratory Biofeedback Approach.Applied psychophysiology and biofeedback · 2020Trial
- The Impact of Respiratory Biofeedback on Anxiety Levels in Men with Incomplete Cervical Spinal Cord Injury: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Applied psychophysiology and biofeedback · 2026Article
- Novel Virtual Reality Intervention for Stress Reduction Among Patients With or at Risk for Cardiovascular Disease: Mixed Methods Pilot Study.JMIR cardio · 2025Article
- Immersive Innovations: Exploring the Diverse Applications of Virtual Reality (VR) in Healthcare.Cureus · 2024Review
- Virtual Reality for Pulmonary Rehabilitation: Comprehensive Review.JMIR rehabilitation and assistive technologies · 2023Review
- Dynamics of Physiological, Biochemical and Psychological Markers during Single Session of Virtual Reality-Based Respiratory Biofeedback Relaxation.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Article
- Virtual Reality Biofeedback in Health: A Scoping Review.Applied psychophysiology and biofeedback · 2022Article
- Respiratory sinus arrhythmia during biofeedback is linked to persistent improvements in attention, short-term memory, and positive self-referential episodic memory.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2022Article
- Effects of Virtual Reality-Based Relaxation Techniques on Psychological, Physiological, and Biochemical Stress Indicators.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Slow Breathing Exercise with Multimodal Virtual Reality: A Feasibility Study.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Creating Ambassadors of Planet Earth: The Overview Effect in K12 Education.Frontiers in psychology · 2020Article
- Non-invasive Neurophysiology in Learning and Training: Mechanisms and a SWOT Analysis.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The current study examined the effectiveness of respiratory biofeedback in lowering subjective and objective arousal after stress. Participants were presented with a meditation session in virtual reality while subjective and objective arousal were measured, the latter measured through ECG and EEG. Three conditions were used: (a) a respiratory biofeedback condition, in which visual feedback was paired to breathing; (b) a control feedback placebo condition, in which visual feedback was not paired to breathing; and (c) a control no-feedback condition, in which no visual feedback was used. Subjective and objective arousal decreased during meditation after stress in all conditions, demonstrating recovery after stress during meditation in virtual reality. However, the reduction in arousal (on all outcome measures combined and heart rate specifically) was largest in the control feedback placebo condition, in which no biofeedback was used, indicating that respiratory biofeedback had no additional value in reducing arousal. The findings of the current study highlight the importance of including a control feedback placebo condition in order to establish the exact additional value of biofeedback and offer insights in applying cost-effective virtual reality meditation training.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.