SynthesisEuropean radiology2019
A systematic review of the agreement between chronological age and skeletal age based on the Greulich and Pyle atlas.
Synthesis in European radiology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Age assessment by Demirjian's development stages of the third molar: a systematic review.European radiology · 2019Pooled it
- Agreement between three state-of-the-art deep learning bone age estimation models and chronological age in a large contemporary pediatric cohort.Pediatric radiology · 2026Article
- Fracture Patterns, Skeletal Age, and Outcomes in Adolescent Supracondylar Humerus Fractures Treated With Open Reduction Internal Fixation.Journal of the Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America · 2026Article
- Validation and comparison of Blenkin Taylor Atlas and the London Atlas on an Australian population subset for dental age estimation.International journal of legal medicine · 2026Article
- Pediatric scaphoid fractures: predictors of surgery and fracture complications.Skeletal radiology · 2026Article
- A novel method based on ultrasound radiomics for predicting attainment of near-adult height in adolescents.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Assessing skeletal maturity in a UK modern female population.Forensic science, medicine, and pathology · 2025Article
- Associations of fetal and infant growth with pubertal timing.Archives of disease in childhood · 2025Article
- Transphyseal ACL reconstruction resulted in small incidence of tibial physeal bars at 1-year follow-up.Journal of orthopaedics · 2025Article
- Expert consensus on imaging diagnosis and analysis of early correction of childhood malocclusion.International journal of oral science · 2025Review
- Gender-based Comparison of Pharyngeal Airway Between Class I and Class III Patients During MP3cap Growth Period.Turkish journal of orthodontics · 2025Article
- Prediction of Skeletal Age Through Cervical Vertebral Measurements Using Different Machine Learning Regression Methods.Turkish journal of orthodontics · 2025Article
- A probability model for estimating age in young individuals relative to key legal thresholds: 15, 18 or 21-year.International journal of legal medicine · 2025Article
- Performance of two different artificial intelligence (AI) methods for assessing carpal bone age compared to the standard Greulich and Pyle method.La Radiologia medica · 2024Article
- Determination of growth and developmental stages in hand-wrist radiographs : Can fractal analysis in combination with artificial intelligence be used?Journal of orofacial orthopedics = Fortschritte der Kieferorthopadie : Organ/official journal Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Kieferorthopadie · 2024Article
- Radiological age assessment based on clavicle ossification in CT: enhanced accuracy through deep learning.International journal of legal medicine · 2024Article
- Precision and Accuracy of Radiological Bone Age Assessment in Children among Different Ethnic Groups: A Systematic Review.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Age prediction in sub-adults based on MRI segmentation of 3rd molar tissue volumes.International journal of legal medicine · 2023Article
- Prediction of Fishman's skeletal maturity indicators using artificial intelligence.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- The Interrater and Intrarater Reliability of the Humeral Head Ossification System and the Proximal Femur Maturity Index Assessments for Patients with Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesThis systematic review examines the agreement between assessed skeletal age by the Greulich and Pyle atlas (GP skeletal age) and chronological age.
methodsWe searched electronic databases until January 2017 for studies reporting GP skeletal age and confirmed chronological age in healthy individuals aged 10-25 years. Results are presented as forest plots and meta-analyses (random-effects models).
resultsIn separate meta-analyses for each age group and sex (14-18 years for girls, 14-19 years for boys), the pooled mean differences between GP skeletal age and chronological age varied from -0.52 years to 0.47 years. In individual studies, age group and sex-specific mean differences between GP skeletal age and chronological age rarely exceeded 1 year, but between-study heterogeneities were large in most age groups. Few studies examined mean chronological age and distribution for each GP skeletal age. One study of good methodological quality indicates that 95% prediction intervals for chronological age from given GP skeletal ages are typically around 4 years.
conclusionsThere is still good correlation between GP skeletal age and mean chronological age in modern populations. However, the individual variation of development within a population and heterogeneities between studies are substantial. KEY POINTS: • The GP atlas still corresponds well with mean chronological age in modern populations. • The substantial variation within a population must be considered. • The heterogeneity between studies is relatively large and of unknown origin.
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Registered trials
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