ReviewReproductive medicine and biology2018
In vitro spermatogenesis: A century-long research journey, still half way around.
Review in Reproductive medicine and biology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers.
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Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 63 citations in OpenAlex.
- Decoding cytarabine-induced damage in the prepubertal testis: A multi-omics atlas of ecosystem and inheritance.iScience · 2026Article
- In vitro models for testicular steroidogenesis: current status and future perspectives.Archives of toxicology · 2026Review
- Reconstitution of spermatogenesis and continuous generation of functional haploid germ cells in mouse testicular organoids.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Recent Progress in Characterizing Germline Mutations and Their Transmission Across Generations.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2026Review
- In Vitro Gamete Production in Mammals: Decades of Pioneering Approaches in Germ Cell and Stem Cell Biology Supporting Innovative Discovery and Expansion of Human Reproductive Potential.Molecular reproduction and development · 2025Review
- Construction of testicular organoids and their applications in the field of toxicology.Archives of toxicology · 2025Review
- Application of Inertial Microfluidics for Isolation and Removal of Round Spermatids from a Spermatogenic Cell Sample to AssistMicromachines · 2025Article
- In Vitro Generation of Haploid Germ Cells from Human XY and XXY Immature Testes in a 3D Organoid System.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Puberty Blocker and Aging Impact on Testicular Cell States and Function.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Article
- In vitro spermatogenesis in artificial testis: current knowledge and clinical implications for male infertility.Cell and tissue research · 2023Review
- Advances of three-dimensional (3D) culture systems for in vitro spermatogenesis.Stem cell research & therapy · 2023Review
- Generation of rat offspring using spermatids produced through in vitro spermatogenesis.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Transgenerational inheritance and its modulation by environmental cues.Current topics in developmental biology · 2023Article
- Article
- Perfusion in Organ-on-Chip Models and Its Applicability to the Replication of Spermatogenesis In Vitro.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Mini Bioreactor Can SupportCell journal · 2022Article
- What advances may the future bring to the diagnosis, treatment, and care of male sexual and reproductive health?Fertility and sterility · 2022Review
- Improved conditions of a whole testis organ culture system in terms of spermatogonial proliferation levels in marine medaka (Oryzias dancena).In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Animal · 2021Article
- Nanoparticle delivery system, highly active antiretroviral therapy, and testicular morphology: The role of stereology.Pharmacology research & perspectives · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundSpermatogenesis is one of the most complicated cellular differentiation processes in a body. Researchers struggled to find and develop a micro-environmental condition that can support the process in vitro. Such endeavors can be traced back to a century ago and are yet continuing.
methodsReports on in vitro spermatogenesis and related works were selected and classified into four categories based on the method used; organ culture, tubule culture, cell culture, and 3-dimensional cell culture methods. Each report was critically reviewed from the present point of view by authors who have been working on in vitro spermatogenesis with organ culture method over a decade.
resultsThe organ culture method has the longest history and is the most successful method, which produced fertile mouse sperm from spermatogonial stem cells. Formulation of the medium was a key factor, most importantly serum-derived substances. However, factors in the serum that induce and support spermatogenesis in the cultured tissue remain to be identified. In addition, the success of mouse spermatogenesis is yet to be applied to other animals. On looking into the history of cell culture method, it became clear that Sertoli cells as feeder cells play an important role. Even with Sertoli cells, however, spermatogenic development has been limited to small parts of spermatogenesis, a segmented period of meiotic prophase for instance. Recent developments of organoid or 3-dimensional culture techniques are promising but they still need further refinements.
conclusionThe study of in vitro spermatogenesis progressed significantly over the last century. We need more work, however, to establish a culture system that can induce and maintain complete spermatogenesis of many if not all mammalian species.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.