ArticleJournal of orthopaedic surgery and research2018
Reliability and validity of the Spinal Appearance Questionnaire (SAQ) and the Trunk Appearance Perception Scale (TAPS).
Article in Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Measurement properties of the Spinal Appearance Questionnaire in adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis: a systematic review.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2023Pooled it
- It is all about perspectives-poor agreement between the patient, their parent and their physician in perception of spinal appearance in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.Spine deformity · 2026Article
- Comparison of Objective and Subjective Indicators in Patients with Idiopathic Scoliosis Undergoing PSSE Therapy-Retrospective Observational.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Observational
- Clinical Failure of General-Purpose AI in Photographic Scoliosis Assessment: A Diagnostic Accuracy Study.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Article
- Observational
- Cross-cultural adaptation, reliability and validity of the Greek version of the Spinal Appearance Questionnaire (SAQ) in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.Spine deformity · 2024Article
- Self-image in spinal deformity: a state-of-the-art review.Spine deformity · 2024Review
- The Dutch version of the Spinal Appearance Questionnaire for adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis: patient-based cross-cultural adaptation and measurement properties evaluation.Spine deformity · 2024Article
- Evaluating the Use of PROMs in Paediatric Orthopaedic Registries.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- 3D surface topographic measurements for idiopathic scoliosis are highly correlative to patient self-image questionnaires.Spine deformity · 2023Article
- The body image disturbance questionnaire-scoliosis better correlates to quality of life measurements than the spinal assessment questionnaire in pediatric idiopathic scoliosis.Spine deformity · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe Spinal Appearance Questionnaire (SAQ) and the Trunk Appearance Perception Scale (TAPS) are questionnaires that mostly rely on drawings to assess scoliosis patients' subjective viewpoints on their trunk deformity. Our aim was to perform an in-depth assessment of the psychometric quality of both measures, the SAQ (version 1.1) and TAPS, and compare them to provide practical recommendations.
methodsWeb-based survey study with 255 patients suffering from idiopathic scoliosis (age 30.0 ± 16.7 years, Cobb angle 43.5 ± 20.9°) and 189 matched healthy control individuals. Participants answered a broad set of validated questionnaires including SRS 22-r, PHQ-9, PANAS, FKS, WHO-5, BFI-S, and PTQ. We calculated reliability (Cronbach's α, test-retest correlations) as well as factorial, convergent, divergent, concurrent, and discriminant validity.
resultsReliability was high (Cronbach's α ≥ .86; test-retest r ≥ .80), except for test-retest correlation of the SAQ Expectations scale (r = 0.67). Both the SAQ and TAPS measures showed clear factor solutions, indicating factorial validity. High correlations with theoretically related measures (e.g., SRS 22-r, overall stress, Cobb angle) indicated convergent validity. Moderate correlations occurred with concurrent criteria such as mood, depression, body dysmorphic disorder, and well-being. The matched-pair analysis revealed strong evidence for discriminant validity (Cohen's d > 2 for SAQ total score and TAPS). Subgroup analyses showed that patients with more severe Cobb angles (≥ 40°) and those ≥ 46 years of age had significantly worse SAQ and TAPS scores.
conclusionWe recommend using the TAPS for future clinical workups and research, as it is much shorter and revealed slightly higher psychometric quality in comparison to the SAQ.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.